Unfair treatment, stress and psychological outcomes among correctional healthcare workers.

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Escamilla-Cejudo ◽  
Christine D. Karkashian ◽  
Robyn R. M. Gershon ◽  
Larry Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
Correctional Healthcare

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bloodborne Exposure and Infection in Correctional Healthcare Workers

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn R. M. Gershon ◽  
Martin Sherman ◽  
Clifford Mitchell ◽  
David Vlahov ◽  
Melissa J. Erwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus Infection ◽  
Job Duties ◽  
Correctional Healthcare

Objective.To determine the prevalence and risk factors for bloodborne exposure and infection in correctional healthcare workers (CHCWs).Design.Cross-sectional risk assessment study with a confidential questionnaire and serological testing performed during 1999-2000.Setting.Correctional systems in 3 states.Results.Among 310 participating CHCWs, the rate of percutaneous injury (PI) was 32 Pis per 100 person-years overall and 42 Pis per 100 person-years for CHCWs with clinical job duties. Underreporting was common, with only 25 (49%) of 51 Pis formally reported to the administration. Independent risk factors for experiencing PI included being age 45 or older (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.41 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31-4.46]) and having job duties that involved needle contact (aOR, 3.70 [95% CI, 1.28-10.63]) or blood contact (aOR, 5.05 [95% CI, 1.45-17.54]). Overall, 222 CHCWs (72%) reported having received a primary hepatitis В vaccination series; of these, 150 (68%) tested positive for anti-hepatitis B surface antigen, with negative results significantly associated with receipt of last dose more than 5 years previously. Serologic markers of hepatitis В virus infection were identified in 31 individuals (10%), and the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was 2% (n = 7). The high hepatitis B vaccination rate limited the ability to identify risk factors for infection, but hepatitis C virus infection correlated with community risk factors only.Conclusion.Although the wide coverage with hepatitis B vaccination and the decreasing rate of hepatitis C virus infection in the general population are encouraging, the high rate of exposure in CHCWs and the lack of exposure documentation are concerns. Continued efforts to develop interventions to reduce exposures and encourage reporting should be implemented and evaluated in correctional healthcare settings. These interventions should address infection control barriers unique to the correctional setting.

Infection Control Practices Among Correctional Healthcare Workers: Effect of Management Attitudes and Availability of Protective Equipment and Engineering Controls

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 555-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Green-McKenzie ◽  
Robyn R.M. Gershon ◽  
Christine Karkashian
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Safety Climate ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Correctional Health Care ◽  
Engineering Controls ◽  
Correctional Health ◽  
Correctional Healthcare

AbstractObjectives:To determine the relation of the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) and engineering controls to infection control (IC) practices in a prison healthcare setting, and to explore the effect on IC practices of a perceived organizational commitment to safety.Design:Cross-sectional survey.Setting:The study population was drawn from the 28 regional Correctional Health Care Workers Facilities in Maryland.Participants:All full-time Maryland correctional healthcare workers (HCWs) were surveyed, and 225 (64%) of the 350 responded.Method:A confidential, self-administered questionnaire was mailed to all correctional HCWs employed in the 28 Maryland Correctional Health Care Facilities. The questionnaire was analyzed psychometrically and validated through extensive pilot testing. It included items on three major constructs: IC practices, safety climate (defined as the perception of organizational commitment to safety), and availability of IC equipment and supplies.Results:A strong correlation was found between the availability of PPE and IC practices. Similarly, a strong correlation was found between IC practices and the presence of engineering controls. In addition, an equally strong association was seen between the adoption of IC practices and employee perception of management commitment to safety. Those employees who perceived a high level of management support for safety were more than twice as likely to adhere to recommended IC practices. IC practices were significantly more likely to be followed if PPE was always readily available. Similarly, IC practices were more likely to be followed if engineering controls were provided.Conclusion:These findings suggest that ready availability of PPE and the presence of engineering controls are crucial to help ensure their use in this high-risk environment. This is especially important because correctional HCWs are potentially at risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses. Commitment to safety was found to be highly associated with the adoption of safe work practices. There is an inherent conflict of “custody versus care” in this setting; hence, it is especially important that we understand and appreciate the relation between safety climate and IC practices. Interventions designed to improve safety climate, as well as availability of necessary IC supplies and equipment, will most likely prove effective in improving employee compliance with IC practices in this healthcare setting.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF BURNOUT AND OTHER ASPECTS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN HEALTHCARE WORKERS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A MULTINATIONAL CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Denning ◽  
Ee Teng Goh ◽  
Benjamin Tan ◽  
Abhiram Kanneganti ◽  
Melanie Almonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Safety Attitudes ◽  
Job Role ◽  
The Relationship

Background The Covid-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems and workers around the world. Such pressures may impact on working conditions, psychological wellbeing and perception of safety. In spite of this, no study has assessed the relationship between safety attitudes and psychological outcomes. Moreover, only limited studies have examined the relationship between personal characteristics and psychological outcomes during Covid-19. Methods From 22nd March 2020 to 18th June 2020, healthcare workers from the United Kingdom, Poland, and Singapore were invited to participate using a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate safety culture, burnout and anxiety/depression. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of burnout, anxiety and depression. Results Of 3,537 healthcare workers who participated in the study, 2,364 (67%) screened positive for burnout, 701 (20%) for anxiety, and 389 (11%) for depression. Significant predictors of burnout included patient-facing roles: doctor (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.49-2.95), nurse (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04-1.84), and other clinical staff (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.45-2.82); being redeployed (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.02-1.58), bottom quartile SAQ score (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.98-2.99), anxiety (OR 4.87; 95% CI 3.92-6.06) and depression (OR 4.06; 95% CI 3.04-5.42). Factors significantly protective for burnout included being tested for SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51-0.82) and top quartile SAQ score (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.22-0.40). Significant factors associated with anxiety and depression, included burnout, gender, safety attitudes and job role. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate a significant burden of burnout, anxiety, and depression amongst healthcare workers. A strong association was seen between SARS-CoV-2 testing, safety attitudes, gender, job role, redeployment and psychological state. These findings highlight the importance of targeted support services for at risk groups and proactive SARS-CoV-2 testing of healthcare workers.

scholarly journals Asian-Pacific perspective on the psychological well-being of healthcare workers during the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic

BJPsych Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas W. S. Chew ◽  
Jinghao Nicholas Ngiam ◽  
Benjamin Yong-Qiang Tan ◽  
Sai-Meng Tham ◽  
Celine Yan-Shan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The Impact

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant strain on front-line healthcare workers. Aims In this multicentre study, we compared the psychological outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in various countries in the Asia-Pacific region and identified factors associated with adverse psychological outcomes. Method From 29 April to 4 June 2020, the study recruited healthcare workers from major healthcare institutions in five countries in the Asia-Pacific region. A self-administrated survey that collected information on prior medical conditions, presence of symptoms, and scores on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised were used. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) relating to COVID-19 was compared, and multivariable logistic regression identified independent factors associated with adverse psychological outcomes within each country. Results A total of 1146 participants from India, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam were studied. Despite having the lowest volume of cases, Vietnam displayed the highest prevalence of PTSD. In contrast, Singapore reported the highest case volume, but had a lower prevalence of depression and anxiety. In the multivariable analysis, we found that non-medically trained personnel, the presence of physical symptoms and presence of prior medical conditions were independent predictors across the participating countries. Conclusions This study highlights that the varied prevalence of psychological adversity among healthcare workers is independent of the burden of COVID-19 cases within each country. Early psychological interventions may be beneficial for the vulnerable groups of healthcare workers with presence of physical symptoms, prior medical conditions and those who are not medically trained.

scholarly journals Biting the hand that heals: mistreatment by patients and the well-being of healthcare workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 572-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysegul Karaeminogullari ◽  
Berrin Erdogan ◽  
Talya N. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
Well Being ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioral Stress ◽  
Unfair Treatment ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between stress due to mistreatment by patients and caregivers’ own well-being indicators (anxiety, depression, and behavioral stress indicators). Based on predictions consistent with the job demands-resources model, it is anticipated that satisfaction with job resources would moderate the relationship between mistreatment by patients and well-being indicators. Design/methodology/approach Hypotheses were tested with a sample of 182 employees in a leading training and research university hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Results were partially replicated for a separate sample of 122 healthcare workers. Data were collected using the survey methodology. Findings The findings suggest that patient injustice is positively related to depression and behavioral stress indicators when satisfaction with job resources is high. Results illustrate that satisfaction with job resources has a sensitizing, rather than a buffering, role on the relation between mistreatment by patients, depression, and behavioral stress indicators, negatively affecting employees with higher levels of satisfaction with job resources. Originality/value Organizational justice researchers recently started recognizing that in addition to organizational insiders, organizational outsiders such as customers and patients may also be sources of fair and unfair treatment. Based on this stream of research, unfair treatment from outsiders is associated with retaliation and a variety of negative employee outcomes. The study extends the currently accumulated work by examining how mistreatment from care recipients relates to healthcare workers’ own health outcomes.

scholarly journals A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas W.S. Chew ◽  
Grace K.H. Lee ◽  
Benjamin Y.Q. Tan ◽  
Mingxue Jing ◽  
Yihui Goh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicentre Study ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Outcomes

scholarly journals The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dentists in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mekhemar ◽  
Sameh Attia ◽  
Christof Dörfer ◽  
Jonas Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Federal States ◽  
German Federal States ◽  
The Impact

Since the announcement of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, several studies reported increased psychological distress among healthcare workers. In this investigation, we examined the association between psychological outcomes and various factors among German dentists. Dentists from all German federal states were invited to participate in this study through a self-administered online questionnaire between July and November 2020. This questionnaire collected information on demographics, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) instrument. The associations displayed between demographic and psychological outcomes of depression, anxiety, stress, intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal were evaluated. Seven-hundred-and-thirty-two dentists participated in the survey and reported overall scores of (4.88 ± 4.85), (2.88 ± 3.57), (7.08 ± 5.04), (9.12 ± 8.44), (10.68 ± 8.88) and (10.35 ± 8.68) for depression, anxiety, stress, intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal, respectively. For females, being between 50–59 years of age, being immune deficient or chronically ill, working at a dental practice, and considering the COVID-19 pandemic a financial hazard were reported as significant associated factors (p < 0.05) with higher DASS-21 and IES-R scores. These findings underline the aspects which need to be taken into attention to protect the mental wellbeing of dentists in Germany during the crisis.

scholarly journals Determinants of burnout and other aspects of psychological well-being in healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: A multinational cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0238666
Author(s):  
Max Denning ◽  
Ee Teng Goh ◽  
Benjamin Tan ◽  
Abhiram Kanneganti ◽  
Melanie Almonte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Safety Attitudes ◽  
Job Role ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Factors

The Covid-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented pressure on healthcare systems and workers around the world. Such pressures may impact on working conditions, psychological wellbeing and perception of safety. In spite of this, no study has assessed the relationship between safety attitudes and psychological outcomes. Moreover, only limited studies have examined the relationship between personal characteristics and psychological outcomes during Covid-19. From 22nd March 2020 to 18th June 2020, healthcare workers from the United Kingdom, Poland, and Singapore were invited to participate using a self-administered questionnaire comprising the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ), Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to evaluate safety culture, burnout and anxiety/depression. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of burnout, anxiety and depression. Of 3,537 healthcare workers who participated in the study, 2,364 (67%) screened positive for burnout, 701 (20%) for anxiety, and 389 (11%) for depression. Significant predictors of burnout included patient-facing roles: doctor (OR 2.10; 95% CI 1.49–2.95), nurse (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.04–1.84), and ‘other clinical’ (OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.45–2.82); being redeployed (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.02–1.58), bottom quartile SAQ score (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.98–2.99), anxiety (OR 4.87; 95% CI 3.92–6.06) and depression (OR 4.06; 95% CI 3.04–5.42). Significant factors inversely correlated with burnout included being tested for SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51–0.82) and top quartile SAQ score (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.22–0.40). Significant factors associated with anxiety and depression, included burnout, gender, safety attitudes and job role. Our findings demonstrate a significant burden of burnout, anxiety, and depression amongst healthcare workers. A strong association was seen between SARS-CoV-2 testing, safety attitudes, gender, job role, redeployment and psychological state. These findings highlight the importance of targeted support services for at risk groups and proactive SARS-CoV-2 testing of healthcare workers.

scholarly journals The prevalence of psychological consequences of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532096663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Arora ◽  
Ian Grey ◽  
Linda Östlundh ◽  
Kin Bong Hubert Lam ◽  
Omar M Omar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Psychological Outcome ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Adequate Provision

A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to examine the overall prevalence of psychological health outcomes during COVID-19. Seven databases were systematically searched to include studies reporting on at least one psychological outcome. The pooled prevalence of primary psychological outcomes was 26% (95%CI: 21–32). Pooled prevalence for symptoms of PTSD was 33% (0–86), anxiety 28% (21–36), stress 27% (14–43), and depression 22% (13–33). The prevalence of psychological outcomes was similar in healthcare workers and in the general population (34% [24–44] and 33% [27–40] respectively). High prevalence figures support the importance of ensuring adequate provision of resources for mental health.

Risk of Tuberculosis in Correctional Healthcare Workers

2005 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford S. Mitchell ◽  
Robyn R. M. Gershon ◽  
Mary Kathleen Lears ◽  
David Vlahov ◽  
Sarah Felknor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Correctional Healthcare
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