The Human Health Costs of Bureaucratic Organization Design

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don de Guerre ◽  
Henry Hornstein
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Organization Design ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Bureaucratic Organization

Preharvest influence on salmonellae human health costs and risks from pork

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gay Y. Miller ◽  
Paul McNamara ◽  
Xuanli Liu
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Costs

Assessment of human health costs associated with particulate material (PM2.5) in Bogotá

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Parra Saad ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Pachon Quinche ◽  
Beatriz Elena Ortiz Gutierrez ◽  
Juan Sebastian Montealegre Ruiz ◽  
Johan Sebastian Vanegas Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Health Costs

scholarly journals Economic impact of harmful algal blooms on human health: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian R. C. Kouakou ◽  
Thomas G. Poder
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Life Years

Abstract Harmful algal blooms (HABs) damage human activities and health. While there is wide literature on economic losses, little is known about the economic impact on human health. In this review, we systematically retrieved papers which presented health costs following exposure to HABs. A systematic review was conducted up to January 2019 in databases such as ScienceDirect and PubMed, and 16 studies were selected. Health costs included healthcare and medication expenses, loss of income due to illness, cost of pain and suffering, and cost of death. Two categories of illness (digestive and respiratory) were considered for health costs. For digestive illness cost, we found $86, $1,015 and $12,605, respectively, for mild, moderate and severe cases. For respiratory illness, costs were $86, $1,235 and $14,600, respectively, for mild, moderate and severe cases. We used Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) to access the loss of well-being due to illness caused by HABs. We found that breathing difficulty causes the most loss of QALYs, especially in children, with a loss of between 0.16 and 0.771 per child. Having gastroenteritis could cause a loss of between 2.2 and 7.1 QALYs per 1,000 children. Misleading symptoms of illness following exposure to HABs could cause bias in health costs estimations. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.

Influence of Salmonella in Pigs Preharvest and during Pork Processing on Human Health Costs and Risks from Pork

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1788-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAY Y. MILLER ◽  
XUANLI LIU ◽  
PAUL E. McNAMARA ◽  
DAVID A. BARBER
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
On Farm

Salmonellosis in humans is a costly disease traditionally assumed to be associated with exposure to contaminated food. We have developed a farm-to-fork model that allows estimation of the human health costs and risks associated with Salmonella in pork. This analysis focuses on the stages of the pork production chain up to the point of producing a chilled pork carcass. The model predicts the number of human cases of salmonellosis associated with pork (mean, 99,430; 90% confidence interval, 20,970 to 245,560) and the corresponding social costs (mean, $81.53 million; 90% confidence interval, $18.75 million to $197.44 million). Sensitivity and scenario analyses suggest that changes in Salmonella status during processing are more important for human health risk and have a higher benefit:cost ratio when compared with on-farm strategies for Salmonella control. Specifically, benefit:cost ratios are less than 1 (indicating they are not likely to be profitable from a social economic perspective) for the on-farm strategies of vaccination and meal feeding, whereas rinsing carcasses at various temperatures with and without sanitizer all have benefit:cost ratios greater than 1 (indicating they are profitable from a social economic perspective). This type of modeling is useful for evaluation of the relative cost effectiveness of interventions at different points in the food chain when allocating limited food safety dollars and is best used for examining trends and alternative strategies rather than for providing definitive dollar value estimates of risk. The dollar value estimates must be considered in the context of the wide confidence intervals.

Lycopene alleviates sulfamethoxazole-induced hepatotoxicity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 8547-8559
Author(s):  
Hongjing Zhao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Mengyao Mu ◽  
Menghao Guo ◽  
Hongxian Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idellus

Antibiotics are used worldwide to treat diseases in humans and other animals; most of them and their secondary metabolites are discharged into the aquatic environment, posing a serious threat to human health.

Drug Slowdown Reduces Increase in Health Costs

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
ALICIA AULT
Keyword(s):  
Health Costs

Emerging Nutrition Gaps in a World of Affluence - Micronutrient Intake and Status Globally

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Eggersdorfer ◽  
Paul Walter
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
New Science ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Micronutrient Intake

Nutrition is important for human health in all stages of life - from conception to old age. Today we know much more about the molecular basis of nutrition. Most importantly, we have learnt that micronutrients, among other factors, interact with genes, and new science is increasingly providing more tools to clarify this interrelation between health and nutrition. Sufficient intake of vitamins is essential to achieve maximum health benefit. It is well established that in developing countries, millions of people still suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. However, it is far less recognized that we face micronutrient insufficiencies also in developed countries.

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