Reduced Drinking: What Did You Expect?

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Drinking

Angiotensin II receptors in SFO but not in OVLT mediate isoproterenol-induced thirst

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. R7-R15 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Fitts
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Circumventricular Organs ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Circumventricular Organ ◽  
Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Organum Vasculosum Laminae Terminalis ◽  
Reduced Drinking ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Agonist ◽  
The Brain

Thirst elicited by the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol in rats depends in part on the secretion of renin, the consequent synthesis of angiotensin II (ANG II), and the binding of circulating ANG II to dipsogenic receptors in the brain. These receptors probably reside in either of two forebrain circumventricular organs, the subfornical organ (SFO) or organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT). Experiments determined that lesions of the SFO, but not of the OVLT, reduced drinking induced by isoproterenol treatment. Competitive ANG II-receptor antagonism with sarthran reduced isoproterenol-induced drinking when the blocker was infused into the SFO but not when it was infused into the OVLT or into the lateral ventricles at a 25-fold greater dose. The findings confirm the widely held belief that renin-dependent thirst elicited by isoproterenol relies on ANG II binding to receptor sites at a circumventricular organ in the brain. The results demonstrate that this site is the SFO and not the OVLT.

scholarly journals Effects of Evaluative Conditioning on Implicit Evaluation of Alcohol and Drinking Behaviors: A Direct Replication

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303
Author(s):  
Nina Tello ◽  
Nematollah Jaafari ◽  
Armand Chatard
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Evaluative Conditioning ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Independent Replication ◽  
Drinking Behaviors ◽  
Reduced Drinking

Abstract Aims Recent research suggests that evaluative conditioning (EC) can change implicit evaluations of alcohol and reduce drinking behaviors among college students (Houben et al., 2010a). This research has been conceptually replicated in two previous studies. To date, however, no direct and independent replication of the original study has been performed. In this paper, we report a high-powered direct replication of Houben et al.’s (2010a) study. Method About 168 French college students took part in this preregistered study. Drinking behavior was assessed before and 2 weeks after the intervention. The intervention consisted of 120 trials of words related to alcoholic beverages or soft drinks paired with neutral, positive or negative pictures. The two conditions were factually equivalent and differed only in the repeated pairing between alcohol-related words and negative pictures; in the EC condition, but not in the control condition, alcohol-related words were systematically paired with negative pictures. Results EC did not change participants’ implicit evaluations of alcohol and drinking behaviors. However, EC reduced drinking behaviors among hazardous drinkers. Yet, further non-preregistered Bayesian analysis did not provide much support for this hypothesis. Conclusion This high-powered preregistered direct replication of Houben et al.’s (2010a) study suggests that the original effects are more fragile than initially thought. The effect of EC on drinking behaviors may be restricted to heavy drinkers, and we found no evidence that this effect is mediated by a change in implicit attitudes. It is necessary to perform further studies to test the original effects in clinical populations.

scholarly journals Reduced Drinking in Alcohol Dependence Treatment, What Is the Evidence?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Mann ◽  
Henri-Jean Aubin ◽  
Katie Witkiewitz
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Reduced Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Treatment

scholarly journals Features of alcohol harm reduction advertisements that most motivate reduced drinking among adults: an advertisement response study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e014193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A Wakefield ◽  
Emily Brennan ◽  
Kimberley Dunstone ◽  
Sarah J Durkin ◽  
Helen G Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Reduced Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Harm Reduction

scholarly journals Patterns and Predictors of Growth in Divorced Fathers’ Health Status and Substance Use

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. DeGarmo ◽  
John B. Reid ◽  
Leslie D. Leve ◽  
Patricia Chamberlain ◽  
John F. Knutson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Father Involvement ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Hard Drug ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Generative Fathering ◽  
Reduced Drinking

Health status and substance use trajectories are described over 18 months for a county sample of 230 divorced fathers of young children aged 4 to 11. One third of the sample was clinically depressed. Health problems, drinking, and hard drug use were stable over time for the sample, whereas depression, smoking, and marijuana use exhibited overall mean reductions. Variance components revealed significant individual differences in average levels and trajectories for health and substance use outcomes. Controlling for fathers’ antisociality, negative life events, and social support, fathering identity predicted reductions in health-related problems and marijuana use. Father involvement reduced drinking and marijuana use. Antisociality was the strongest risk factor for health and substance use outcomes. Implications for application of a generative fathering perspective in practice and preventive interventions are discussed.

scholarly journals Independent and Interactive Effects of Neighborhood Disadvantage and Social Network Characteristics on Problem Drinking After Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy A. Mericle ◽  
Lee A. Kaskutas ◽  
Doug L. Polcin ◽  
Katherine J. Karriker-Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Problem Drinking ◽  
Neighborhood Disadvantage ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Disadvantaged Neighborhoods ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Reduced Drinking

Socioecological approaches to public health problems like addiction emphasize the importance of person-environment interactions. Neighborhood and social network characteristics may influence the likelihood of relapse among individuals in recovery, but these factors have been understudied, particularly with respect to conceptualizing social network characteristics as moderators of neighborhood disadvantage. Drawing from a larger prospective study of individuals recruited from outpatient treatment (N = 451) and interviewed 1, 3, 5, and 7 years later, the aim of this study was to examine the independent and interactive effects of neighborhood and social network characteristics on continued problem drinking after treatment. Models using generalized estimating equations controlling for demographic and other risk factors found the number of heavy drinkers in one's network increases risk of relapse, with the effects being significantly stronger among those living in disadvantaged neighborhoods than among those in non-disadvantaged neighborhoods. No independent effects were found for neighborhood disadvantage or for the number of network members supporting reduced drinking. Future research is needed to examine potential protective factors in neighborhoods which may offset socioeconomic disadvantage as well as to investigate the functions that network members serve in helping to improve long-term treatment outcomes.

Glycerol and water balance in a near-isosmotic teleost, winter-acclimatized rainbow smelt

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1849-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Drinking Rate ◽  
Osmotic Water ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reduced Drinking

Rainbow smelt, Osmerus mordax, have previously been shown to produce high concentrations of glycerol in winter to avoid freezing, becoming almost isosmotic in a marine environment when temperatures reach the freezing point of seawater. Here it is shown that osmotic water losses, as shown by drinking rate, decrease dramatically in winter as a result of the increased osmolality. Urine flow also appears to decrease in winter in response to reduced drinking. Glycerol is lost through the skin and gills, and probably through intestinal discharge, at total rates ranging from 3.5 to 9.5 mg∙100 g−1∙h−1. Combined permeabilities to glycerol of the gills and skin in the head were in the range 0.9–2.6 × 10−7 cm∙s−1. Glycerol concentrations, efflux, and permeability of the gills were comparable to those for urea in marine elasmobranchs. However, mechanisms for conserving the two osmolytes may differ.

scholarly journals Alcohol Harms over a Period of Alcohol Policy Reform: Surveys of New Zealand College Residents in 2004 and 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kypros Kypri ◽  
Brett Maclennan ◽  
Jennie Connor
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Web Surveys ◽  
Student Safety ◽  
Safety Interventions ◽  
Reduced Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Related Harm

Background: We estimated the change in the prevalence of harms attributed by students to their drinking and to others’ drinking, over a decade of concerted effort by university authorities to reduce antisocial behaviour and improve student safety. Interventions included a security and liaison service, a stricter code of conduct, challenges to liquor license applications near campus, and a ban on alcohol advertising. Methods: We used a pre-post design adjusting for population changes. We invited all students residing in colleges of a New Zealand University to complete web surveys in 2004 and 2014, using identical methods. We estimated change in the 4-week prevalence of 15 problems and harms among drinkers, and nine harms from others’ drinking among all respondents. We adjusted for differences in sample sociodemographic characteristics between surveys. Results: Among drinkers there were reductions in several harms, the largest being in acts of vandalism (7.1% to 2.7%), theft (11% to 4.5%), and physical aggression (10% to 5.3%). Among all respondents (including non-drinkers), there were reductions in unwanted sexual advances (14% to 8.9%) and being the victim of sexual assault (1.0% to 0.4%). Conclusion: Alcohol-related harm, including the most serious outcomes, decreased substantially among college residents in this period of alcohol policy reform. In conjunction with evidence of reduced drinking to intoxication in this population, the findings suggest that strategies to reduce the availability and promotion of alcohol on and near campus can substantially reduce the incidence of health and social harms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document