Economic Opportunities for All Americans

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Opportunities

scholarly journals ‘We are taught to act’: hustling on the move in Kampala and Nairobi

Africa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
William Monteith ◽  
George Mirembe
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Individual Survival ◽  
Urban Contexts

AbstractThis article explores the question of what happens when highly socialized and contingent forms of provisioning go wrong, and young men are forced to start again in unfamiliar urban contexts. The decline of George Mirembe's moneylending business in Kampala pre-empted his departure from the country and his arrival in Nairobi in search of new socio-economic opportunities. Lacking the documents and language skills necessary to enter formal sectors of the economy, George claimed asylum as a sexual refugee while working as a smuggler and a voice actor in the shadow film industry. His activities illustrate the advantages and limitations of the hustle as a framework for understanding the activities of transnational ‘others’ in African cities. I argue that translational practices of acting and storytelling have become a generalized tactic of survival among migrants in urban East Africa. Such practices are illustrative of a form of ‘uprooted hustle’ – or hustling on the move – that is oriented towards individual survival and exit rather than place-based transformation.

Public Financing of Human Development in India: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-81
Author(s):  
Sacchidananda Mukherjee ◽  
Shivani Badola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Public Financing ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Public Transfers ◽  
Distribution Of Resources

Role of public financing of human development (HD) is inevitable, especially for developing countries like India where access to resources and economic opportunities are not equitably distributed among people. Governments aim to achieve equity in distribution of resources through allocative and redistributive policies whereas macroeconomic stabilisation policies aim to achieve higher economic growth and stability in the price level. Expenditure policies of the governments envisage in delivering larger public goods and services to enable people to take part in economic activities by investing in human capital and infrastructure developments. Progressivity of the tax system helps in achieving equity by redistribution of resources among people. Being merit goods, expenditures on education, health, and poverty eradication make it a case for public investment which empowers people to improve human capital. The benefit of universal economic participation is expected to contribute in larger mobilisation of public resources over time. Lack of economic opportunities and earning a respectable income may increase dependence on public transfers which may reduce fiscal space of the governments to finance programmes to promote overall economic growth. The objective of this article is to review existing studies on public financing of HD in India and highlight emerging challenges.

The Black Businessman in the Postwar South: North Carolina, 1865–1880

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Kenzer
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Credit Ratings ◽  
Black Business ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Business History ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Economic Opportunities

This article uses the R. G. Dun and Company credit ratings to analyze North Carolina black businessmen and their firms in the fifteen years following the Civil War. When combined with data in local histories and in the federal census, the credit ratings reveal how the postbellum black business community, especially the mulatto population, was significantly shaped by antebellum emancipation. Blacks who shared the advantage of prewar freedom employed their superior financial resources and business experience to dominate their local economies after the war. Further, both as individuals and collectively, blacks used their newly acquired political power to foster economic opportunities in ways hitherto unrecognized by both political and business history scholars.

Is Rehabilitation Dead?

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour L. Halleck ◽  
Ann D. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Civil Rights Movement ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Crime Problem ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Rehabilitation Adherence ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Economic Crimes

This paper examines rising crime rates, findings on the relative effectiveness of deterrence and rehabilitation, and the rise of a civil rights movement in correction, all of which have led to greater emphasis on deterrence and incapacitation and less emphasis on rehabilitation in correctional philosophy and practice. The conclusiveness of the findings that "nothing rehabilitates" and "deterrence works" is questioned. A more careful reading of existing evidence leads to no decisive conclusion on the relative effectiveness of these two philosophies of correction. Much of the failure of rehabilitative programs to date stems from programs limited in duration and quality and evaluated for their ability to alter lifestyles dramatically; many that have been shown to be failures are the result of an inadequate tailoring to offender problems. The great increase in economic crimes points to the need to improve the economic opportunities of offenders rather than altering personality. The civil rights movement in correction alerts us to the need for curbs on certain types of rehabilitative programs, but it should not force us to abandon all attempts at rehabilitation. Adherence to a strict deterrence philosophy because of its economic and humanistic cost is questioned. Finally, a more careful application of rehabilitative programs and their continued use are called for as one approach to the crime problem.

scholarly journals Primary law in medicine, its legal nature

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
K. Zarins
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court Decision ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Right

Thework will discuss the problems arising from the thesis that the economic opportunities are incompatible with the person's primary law - the right to life and equality of treatment. An actively maintained hypothesis claims that the country's economic opportunities and funding should not restrict or reduce a person's right to life and health. In this aspect, it will also study the role of the constitutional court. The author points to the fact that the adoption of such, here the Supreme Court decision, successive constitutional court for a preliminary inaccurate claim and interpretation of the country's economic interests, could deny the right of people to life only after the consideration that they are of no use and financially expensive to be maintained.

Economic Opportunities and Some Pilgrims' Progress: Jewish Immigrants from Eastern Europe in the U.S., 1890–1914

1978 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arcadius Kahan
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
East European ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Proper Perspective ◽  
Original Habitat ◽  
Jewish Immigrants ◽  
European Jewish ◽  
The U.S

The purpose of the following essay is to evaluate the existing economic opportunities for Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe and to indicate the pace of their economic progress during the period 1890–1914. This purpose can best be achieved by viewing the mass migration of these European Jews in the proper perspective, that is, in terms of the dynamics of their situation at the places of original habitat; second, by differentiating successive cohorts of immigrants in terms of their skill composition, literacy, and degree of experienced urbanization, all elements important for the adaptability to and utilization of existing economic opportunities; third, by analyzing the structure of the U.S. industries that provided employment opportunities to the East European Jewish immigrants; fourth, by assuming the income level and standard of living of the native-born labor force as the yardstick for measuring the economic progress of the immigrants. Such an approach may broaden our understanding of the mechanism of adjustment that enabled the Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe both to take advantage of existing economic opportunities and to create new ones.

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