Supplemental Material for The Associations of Maternal Warmth and Hostility With Prosocial and Antisocial Outcomes in Justice-Involved Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Warmth

Relationships between early maternal warmth and social connection

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren P. Ross ◽  
Carmen Andreescu ◽  
Tristen K. Inagaki
Keyword(s):  
Social Connection ◽  
Maternal Warmth

scholarly journals Parents still matter! Parental warmth predicts adolescent brain function and anxiety and depressive symptoms 2 years later

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind D. Butterfield ◽  
Jennifer S. Silk ◽  
Kyung Hwa Lee ◽  
Greg S. Siegle ◽  
Ronald E. Dahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Parental Warmth ◽  
Maternal Warmth ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Anxiety is the most prevalent psychological disorder among youth, and even following treatment, it confers risk for anxiety relapse and the development of depression. Anxiety disorders are associated with heightened response to negative affective stimuli in the brain networks that underlie emotion processing. One factor that can attenuate the symptoms of anxiety and depression in high-risk youth is parental warmth. The current study investigates whether parental warmth helps to protect against future anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents with histories of anxiety and whether neural functioning in the brain regions that are implicated in emotion processing and regulation can account for this link. Following treatment for anxiety disorder (Time 1), 30 adolescents (M age = 11.58, SD = 1.26) reported on maternal warmth, and 2 years later (Time 2) they participated in a functional neuroimaging task where they listened to prerecorded criticism and neutral statements from a parent. Higher maternal warmth predicted lower neural activation during criticism, compared with the response during neutral statements, in the left amygdala, bilateral insula, subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC), right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. Maternal warmth was associated with adolescents’ anxiety and depressive symptoms due to the indirect effects of sgACC activation, suggesting that parenting may attenuate risk for internalizing through its effects on brain function.

scholarly journals Trajectories of child externalizing problems between ages 3 and 10 years: Contributions of children's early effortful control, theory of mind, and parenting experiences

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheryl L. Olson ◽  
Daniel Ewon Choe ◽  
Arnold J. Sameroff
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Externalizing Behavior ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
School Age ◽  
Maternal Warmth ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Child Externalizing

AbstractPreventing problem behavior requires an understanding of earlier factors that are amenable to intervention. The main goals of our prospective longitudinal study were to trace trajectories of child externalizing behavior between ages 3 and 10 years, and to identify patterns of developmentally significant child and parenting risk factors that differentiated pathways of problem behavior. Participants were 218 3-year-old boys and girls who were reassessed following the transition to kindergarten (age 5–6 years) and during the late school-age years (age 10). Mothers contributed ratings of children's externalizing behavior at all three time points. Children's self-regulation abilities and theory of mind were assessed during a laboratory visit, and parenting risk (frequent corporal punishment and low maternal warmth) was assessed using interview-based and questionnaire measures. Four developmental trajectories of externalizing behavior yielded the best balance of parsimony and fit with our longitudinal data and latent class growth analysis. Most young children followed a pathway marked by relatively low levels of symptoms that continued to decrease across the school-age years. Atypical trajectories marked chronically high, increasing, and decreasing levels of externalizing problems across early and middle childhood. Three-year-old children with low levels of effortful control were far more likely to show the chronic pattern of elevated externalizing problems than changing or low patterns. Early parental corporal punishment and maternal warmth, respectively, differentiated preschoolers who showed increasing and decreasing patterns of problem behavior compared to the majority of children. The fact that children's poor effortful regulation skills predicted chronic early onset problems reinforces the need for early childhood screening and intervention services.

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