Supplemental Material for Civic Development Across the Transition to Adulthood in a National U.S. Sample: Variations by Race/Ethnicity, Parent Education, and Gender

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Parent Education ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Civic Development ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender

172 Sleep Disparities in Preschool-Aged Children

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A70-A70
Author(s):  
Jennifer Holmes ◽  
Olivia Hanron ◽  
Rebecca Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Data Race ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
White Children ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Introduction Sleep is known to be associated with socioeconomic status (SES) in older children and adults with those from lower SES households often experiencing poorer sleep quality. Whether this disparity exists in early childhood is relatively unknown, despite being an important age marked by sleep transitions and the establishment of lifelong sleep habits. Furthermore, it is a critical period for cognitive development and learning, which are supported by sleep. Here, we explore associations between sleep and SES in a preschool population. We hypothesized that children from lower SES households would exhibit shorter overnight sleep, longer and more frequent naps, and shorter 24-hr sleep. Additionally, we considered racial and ethnic disparities in sleep which can be confounded with SES in some samples. Methods Child (n=441; M age=51.9mo; 45.4% female) sleep was measured objectively using actigraph watches, worn for 3-16 days (M=9.5 days). Caregivers reported child demographics and household data. Race/ethnicity of our sample was 72% White, 10.2% Black, 17.8% other or more than one race, and 28.4% identified as Hispanic. 20.1% of our sample was categorized as low SES. Effects of SES and race/ethnicity on continuous sleep measures were assessed using multiple regression models, with age and gender as covariates. Nap habituality was assessed using chi-square tests. Results Lower SES was associated with shorter nighttime sleep duration, longer nap duration, and shorter 24-hr sleep duration (p’s<.001). Children from lower SES households were also more likely to nap habitually (p=.04) as were Hispanic children (p<.001). Hispanic children also tended to have longer nap bouts (p=.002). Hispanic and Black children on average had shorter overnight sleep durations than White children (p’s<.04), but their 24-hr sleep did not differ. Conclusion SES-related sleep disparities were present in this preschool population, with lower SES children exhibiting poorer sleep. When controlling for SES, Hispanic children tended to sleep less overnight which was compensated for by longer, more frequent naps. This underscores the necessity of naps for some children to achieve adequate sleep. Future directions will explore the relationship between parenting factors and sleep, such as bedtime routines and parent knowledge surrounding child sleep needs. Support (if any) NIH R01 HL111695

scholarly journals The politics of a ‘Poncy Pillowcase’: Migration and borders in Coronation Street’

Politics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria J Innes ◽  
Robert J Topinka
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Soap Opera ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender

This article examines the ways in which popular culture stages and supplies resources for agency in everyday life, with particular attention to migration and borders. Drawing upon cultural studies, and specific insights originating from the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, we explore how intersectional identities such as race, ethnicity, class, and gender are experienced in relation to the globalisation of culture and identity in a 2007 Coronation Street storyline. The soap opera genre offers particular insights into how agency emerges in everyday life as migrants and locals navigate the forces of globalisation. We argue that a focus on popular culture can mitigate the problem of isolating migrant experiences from local experiences in migrant-receiving areas.

Intersectionality of Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Age on Criminal Punishment

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 810-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell Steffensmeier ◽  
Noah Painter-Davis ◽  
Jeffery Ulmer
Keyword(s):  
Black Males ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Hispanic Males ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Focal Concerns ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Statistical Studies ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender

Race, ethnicity, gender, and age are core foci within sociology and law/criminology. Also prominent is how these statuses intersect to affect behavioral outcomes, but statistical studies of intersectionality are rare. In the area of criminal sentencing, an abundance of studies examine main and joint effects of race and gender but few investigate in detail how these effects are conditioned by defendant’s age. Using recent Pennsylvania sentencing data and a novel method for analyzing statistical interactions, we examine the main and combined effects of these statuses on sentencing. We find strong evidence for intersectionality: Harsher sentences concentrate among young black males and Hispanic males of all ages, while the youngest females (regardless of race/ethnicity) and some older defendants receive leniency. The focal concerns model of sentencing that frames our study has strong affinity with intersectionality perspectives and can serve as a template for research examining the ways social statuses shape inequality.

Testing Mark-all-that-apply Measures of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity

Field Methods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Brenner ◽  
Justine Bulgar-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Factorial Survey ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender

Many social identities (e.g., race, ethnicity) are measured using mark-all-that-apply (MATA) questions because they allow survey respondents to account for the multiple, nonexclusive ways in which they identify themselves. We test the use of MATA measures of sexual orientation and gender identity and compare them with forced choice (FC), an alternative format using a series of yes-or-no questions. Respondents, including an oversample of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) individuals, participated in a 2 × 3 factorial survey experiment. For the first factor, we hypothesize that respondents randomly assigned to FC will report a higher count of identities than those assigned to MATA. For the second factor, we hypothesize that increased topic salience will help LGBQ respondents in particular to overcome poor question design. Findings suggest that MATA and FC measure comparably when question writing best practices are followed, but topic salience can yield higher data quality when poorly formatted questions are used.

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