Supplemental Material for Changes in Genetic and Environmental Influences on Cognitive Ability, Executive Function, and Preacademic Skills in Japanese Preschool Age Twins

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Preschool Age

The Longitudinal Relationship between Processing Speed and Cognitive Ability: Genetic and Environmental Influences

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Finkel ◽  
Chandra A. Reynolds ◽  
John J. McArdle ◽  
Nancy L. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Environmental Influences

scholarly journals How Well Does Subjective Cognitive Decline Correspond to Objectively Measured Cognitive Decline? Assessment of 10–12 Year Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Gustavson ◽  
Amy J. Jak ◽  
Jeremy A. Elman ◽  
Matthew S. Panizzon ◽  
Carol E. Franz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Objective Prior

Background: Although not strongly correlated with current objective cognitive ability, subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. Most studies focus on SCD in relation to future decline rather than objective prior decline that it purportedly measures. Objective: We evaluated whether self-report of cognitive decline—as a continuous measure—corresponds to objectively-assessed episodic memory and executive function decline across the same period. Methods: 1,170 men completed the Everyday Cognition Questionnaire (ECog) at mean age 68 assessing subjective changes in cognitive ability relative to 10 years prior. A subset had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but MCI was diagnosed without regard to subjective decline. Participants completed up to 3 objective assessments of memory and executive function (M = 56, 62, and 68 years). Informant-reported ECogs were completed for 1,045 individuals. Analyses controlled for depression and anxiety symptoms assessed at mean age 68. Results: Participant-reported ECog scores were modestly associated with objective decline for memory (β= –0.23, 95%CI [–0.37, –0.10]) and executive function (β= –0.19, 95%CI [–0.33, –0.05]) over the same time period. However, these associations were nonsignificant after excluding MCI cases. Results were similar for informant ratings. Participant-rated ECog scores were more strongly associated with concurrent depression and anxiety symptoms, (β= 0.44, 95%CI [0.36, 0.53]). Conclusion: Continuous SCD scores are correlated with prior objective cognitive changes in non-demented individuals, though this association appears driven by individuals with current MCI. However, participants’ current depression and anxiety ratings tend to be strongly associated with their SCD ratings. Thus, what primarily drives SCD ratings remains unclear.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns in early childhood and child cognitive and psychomotor development: the Rhea mother–child cohort study in Crete

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1431-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Leventakou ◽  
Theano Roumeliotaki ◽  
Katerina Sarri ◽  
Katerina Koutra ◽  
Mariza Kampouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Posterior Cortex ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEarly-life nutrition is critical for optimal brain development; however, few studies have evaluated the impact of diet as a whole in early childhood on neurological development with inconsistent results. The present analysis is a cross-sectional study nested within an ongoing prospective birth cohort, the Rhea study, and aims to examine the association of dietary patterns with cognitive and psychomotor development in 804 preschool (mean age 4·2 years) children. Parents completed a validated FFQ, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Child cognitive and psychomotor development was assessed by the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities (MSCA). Multivariable linear regression models were used to investigate the associations of dietary patterns with the MSCA scales. After adjustment for a large number of confounding factors, the ‘Snacky’ pattern (potatoes and other starchy roots, salty snacks, sugar products and eggs) was negatively associated with the scales of verbal ability (β=−1·31; 95 % CI −2·47, −0·16), general cognitive ability (β=−1·13; 95 % CI −2·25, −0·02) and cognitive functions of the posterior cortex (β=−1·20; 95 % CI −2·34, −0·07). Further adjustment for maternal intelligence, folic acid supplementation and alcohol use during pregnancy attenuated the observed associations, but effect estimates remained at the same direction. The ‘Western’ and the ‘Mediterranean’ patterns were not associated with child neurodevelopmental scales. The present findings suggest that poorer food choices at preschool age characterised by foods high in fat, salt and sugar are associated with reduced scores in verbal and cognitive ability.

scholarly journals Executive functions assessment and treatment at preschool age: a case report of a child at risk of ADHD

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Stievano ◽  
Giovanni Valeri
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Assessment And Treatment

An attention deficit hyperactivity disorder &(ADHD) single case was analyzed using a battery of developmentally sensitive measures of executive functions in young children. The child was then trained with executive function tasks similar to tests in which he had failed. A training program was administered individually in 45 minute sessions, 3 days a week for a month. The child was tested before training, after training, and in a five-months follow-up. Results show improvements in executive function tasks. Positive ecological impact of the training was confirmed by parents and teachers.

scholarly journals Measures of bilingual cognition – from infancy to adolescence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Williams ◽  
Prasiddha Parthasarathy ◽  
Monika Molnar
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Memory Flexibility ◽  
Bilingual Literature ◽  
With Memory

An extensive literature exists regarding the effect of bilingualism on cognition in developing populations. However, the term ‘cognition’ is vague and applies to a large number of different abilities. We reviewed 57 publications examining cognition in simultaneous bilingual children to understand what aspects of cognition have been studied in this population and what tasks have been used, in addition to qualitatively assessing the results of bilingual/monolingual comparisons. Executive function was the most frequently assessed cognitive ability across all age groups, paralleling the adult bilingual literature, with memory flexibility and theory of mind also emerging as common targets within infant and preschool age groups. Results are discussed in light of developmental trajectories and assessment methodologies currently available for the cognitive abilities represented in this literature.

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