Supplemental Material for Video-Mediated Behavior in Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla): A Stage in the Development of Self-Recognition in a Juvenile Male?

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Juvenile Male ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Self Recognition

scholarly journals Mirror self-recognition in gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla): a review and evaluation of mark test replications and variants

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay E. Murray ◽  
James R. Anderson ◽  
Gordon G. Gallup
Keyword(s):  
Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
The Self ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Mark Test ◽  
Self Recognition ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Over Time

AbstractMirror self-recognition (MSR), widely regarded as an indicator of self-awareness, has not been demonstrated consistently in gorillas. We aimed to examine this issue by setting out a method to evaluate gorilla self-recognition studies that is objective, quantifiable, and easy to replicate. Using Suarez and Gallup’s (J Hum Evol 10:175–183, 1981) study as a reference point, we drew up a list of 15 methodological criteria and assigned scores to all published studies of gorilla MSR for both methodology and outcomes. Key features of studies finding both mark-directed and spontaneous self-directed responses included visually inaccessible marks, controls for tactile and olfactory cues, subjects who were at least 5 years old, and clearly distinguishing between responses in front of versus away from the mirror. Additional important criteria include videotaping the tests, having more than one subject, subjects with adequate social rearing, reporting post-marking observations with mirror absent, and giving mirror exposure in a social versus individual setting. Our prediction that MSR studies would obtain progressively higher scores as procedures and behavioural coding practices improved over time was supported for methods, but not for outcomes. These findings illustrate that methodological rigour does not guarantee stronger evidence of self-recognition in gorillas; methodological differences alone do not explain the inconsistent evidence for MSR in gorillas. By implication, it might be suggested that, in general, gorillas do not show compelling evidence of MSR. We advocate that future MSR studies incorporate the same criteria to optimize the quality of attempts to clarify the self-recognition abilities of gorillas as well as other species.

The Intestinal Entodiniomorph Ciliates of Wild Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Gabon, West Africa

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 239-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Goussard ◽  
J.‐Y. Collet ◽  
Y. Garin ◽  
C.E.G. Tutin ◽  
M. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Lowland Gorillas

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of North American captive-born gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah D. Simons ◽  
Ronald S. Wagner ◽  
Joseph G. Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
North American ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla

The brain of the mountain gorilla (Gorilla gorilla beringei)

Primates ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 419-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hosokawa ◽  
Toshiro Kamiya ◽  
Kazushige Hirosawa
Keyword(s):  
Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Mountain Gorilla ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla ◽  
Gorilla Beringei ◽  
Gorilla Gorilla Beringei ◽  
The Brain
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