Supplemental Material for Children’s Cross-Cultural Categorizations of Racially Ambiguous Faces in Taiwan and the U.S.

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Ambiguous Faces ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Children’s cross-cultural categorizations of racially ambiguous faces in Taiwan and the U.S.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Gaither ◽  
Chun-Man Chen ◽  
Samantha Neal ◽  
Sarina Hui-Lin Chien
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Face Categorization ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Forced Choice Task ◽  
American Children ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Ambiguous Faces ◽  
The U.S

Objectives: Racially ambiguous face categorization research is growing in prominence, and yet the majority of this work has focused on White and Western samples and has primarily used biracial Black/White stimuli. Past findings suggest that biracial Black/White faces are more often seen as Black than White, but without testing these perceptions with other groups, generalizability cannot be guaranteed. Methods: We tested 3-7-year old Asian children living in Taiwan—an Eastern cultural context (N = 74)—and Asian children living in the U.S.—a Western cultural context (N = 65) to explore the role that cultural group membership may play in biracial perceptions. Children categorized 12 racially ambiguous biracial Black/White faces and 12 biracial Asian/White faces in a dichotomous forced-choice task and completed a racial constancy measurement. Results: Regarding biracial Black/White faces, Taiwanese and Asian American children both categorized the faces as White significantly more often compared to chance levels, regardless of racial constancy beliefs. For biracial Asian/White faces, Taiwanese children with racial constancy beliefs categorized the faces significantly more often as White, whereas Taiwanese children without racial constancy beliefs categorized the faces significantly more often as Asian. However, Asian American children did not show a bias in categorizing biracial Asian/White faces. Conclusions: Results suggest that hyperdescent over hypodescent for more commonly studied biracial Black/White faces generalizes in both cultural contexts. However, biracial Asian/White stimuli may be perceived in more fixed-like patterns in predominately Asian contexts, since only Taiwanese children showed increased outgroup categorizations once racial constancy beliefs were endorsed.

Seeing Similarity or Distance?

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Wilton ◽  
Diana T. Sanchez ◽  
Lisa Giamo
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intergroup Perception ◽  
Intergroup Perceptions ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Ambiguous Faces

Biracial individuals threaten the distinctiveness of racial groups because they have mixed-race ancestry, but recent findings suggest that exposure to biracial-labeled, racially ambiguous faces may positively influence intergroup perception by reducing essentialist thinking among Whites ( Young, Sanchez, & Wilton, 2013 ). However, biracial exposure may not lead to positive intergroup perceptions for Whites who are highly racially identified and thus motivated to preserve the social distance between racial groups. We exposed Whites to racially ambiguous Asian/White biracial faces and measured the perceived similarity between Asians and Whites. We found that exposure to racially ambiguous, biracial-labeled targets may improve perceptions of intergroup similarity, but only for Whites who are less racially identified. Results are discussed in terms of motivated intergroup perception.

Attitudes toward affirmative action and collectivism: A cross-cultural assessment for Brazil and the U.S

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Knepple ◽  
James Carney ◽  
Mino Rios ◽  
Sara Santos Chaves ◽  
Gilcimar Santos Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Assessment ◽  
The U.S

Influence of Cross-Cultural Competence on Trust Building for the U.S. Military

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecily E.E. Mccoy ◽  
Sandra C. Hughes ◽  
Gabriella Severe
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Trust Building ◽  
The U.S

A Cross-Cultural Study of Midlife Relational and Sexual Health: Comparing Ukraine to the U.S. and Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelom E. Leavitt ◽  
Eva S. Lefkowitz ◽  
Yudum Akyil ◽  
Katia Serduk
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Cultural Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Values: A Meta-Analysis of Major Quantitative Studies in the Last Decade (2010–2020)

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Jamie Lynn Goodwin ◽  
Andrew Lloyd Williams ◽  
Patricia Snell Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
World Regions ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
The U.S

Since 2010, scholars have made major contributions to cross-cultural research, especially regarding similarities and differences across world regions and countries in people’s values, beliefs, and morality. This paper accumulates and analyzes extant multi-national and quantitative studies of these facets of global culture. The paper begins with a summary of the modern history of cross-cultural research, then systematically reviews major empirical studies published since 2010, and next analyzes extant approaches to interpret how the constructs of belief, morality, and values have been theorized and operationalized. The analysis reveals that the field of cross-cultural studies remains dominated by Western approaches, especially studies developed and deployed from the United States and Western Europe. While numerous surveys have been translated and employed for data collection in countries beyond the U.S. and Western Europe, several countries remain under-studied, and the field lacks approaches that were developed within the countries of interest. The paper concludes by outlining future directions for the study of cross-cultural research. To progress from the colonialist past embedded within cross-cultural research, in which scholars from the U.S. and Western Europe export research tools to other world regions, the field needs to expand to include studies locally developed and deployed within more countries and world regions.

On the Need to Include National Culture as a Central Issue in E-Commerce Trust Beliefs

2009 ◽  
pp. 384-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Gefen ◽  
Tsipi Heart
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Trust Beliefs ◽  
International Phenomenon ◽  
The U.S

Trust and trust beliefs (trustworthiness) are key to e-commerce success but depend, to a large extent, on culture. With e-commerce being an international phenomenon, understanding the cross-cultural aspects of trust creation is therefore arguably required although mostly ignored by current research which deals almost exclusively with the U.S. This exploratory study examines whether definitions of trust beliefs as conceptualized and verified in the U.S. apply in Israel which differs markedly in individualism, uncertainty avoidance, and power distance. The data, crossvalidating the scale of trust and its antecedents in both cultures, generally support the proposition that trust beliefs apply across cultures, and may be a relatively unvarying aspect of e-commerce. However, as expected, the effects of predictability and familiarity on trust beliefs may differ across national cultures. Implications about the need to include national culture in the research on trust, in general, and in e-commerce in particular, are discussed.

A Meta-Analytic Review of Hypodescent Patterns in Categorizing Multiracial and Racially Ambiguous Targets

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722094132
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Young ◽  
Diana T. Sanchez ◽  
Kristin Pauker ◽  
Sarah E. Gaither
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Binary Choices ◽  
Racially Ambiguous ◽  
Ambiguous Faces

Research addressing the increasing multiracial population (i.e., identifying with two or more races) is rapidly expanding. This meta-analysis ( k = 55) examines categorization patterns consistent with hypodescent, or the tendency to categorize multiracial targets as their lower status racial group. Subgroup analyses suggest that operationalization of multiracial (e.g., presenting photos of racially ambiguous faces, or ancestry information sans picture), target gender, and categorization measurement (e.g., selecting from binary choices: Black or White; or multiple categorization options: Black, White, or multiracial) moderated categorization patterns. Operationalizing multiracial as ancestry, male targets, and measuring categorization with binary or multiple Likert-type scale outcomes supported hypodescent. However, categorizing multiracial targets as not their lower status racial group occurred for female targets or multiple categorization options. Evidence was mixed on whether perceiver and target race were related to categorization patterns. These results point to future directions for understanding categorization processes and multiracial perception.

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