Chronic stress, autonomic dysregulation and prospective drug use among African American emerging adults.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Cavanagh ◽  
Ezemenari M. Obasi
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Autonomic Dysregulation

Vulnerability, Social Networks, Sites, and Selling as Predictors of Drug use among Urban African American and Puerto Rican Emerging Adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean J. Schensul ◽  
Gary J. Burkholder
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
African American ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Social Risk ◽  
Personal Vulnerability ◽  
Problem Drug Use

This paper reviews the results of research conducted with African American and Puerto Rican emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 25 whose life experiences increase vulnerability to drug use and pose some significant challenges in achieving milestones widely recognized as important in achieving adult status. Literature on drug use in adolescence suggests that personal vulnerability accounts for most experimental and problem drug use. Included in the vulnerability construct are religiosity, perceived risk, social influence, drug access, social norms, and social risk defined primarily as exposure to various forms of violence. This study shows that personal vulnerability explains only some of the variance in use and predicts variance differently with respect to different specific drugs and polydrug use. Further, it argues that additional contextual factors including social networks, party and club attendance, and drug selling activities, all typical of emerging adulthood and urban lifestyle, are also important factors in enhancing potential for accelerated drug use during this developmental period. Finally, it notes that the consequences of these activities have implications for further economic and social marginalization of urban, multiethnic low income emerging adults.

Contextual risks and psychosocial outcomes among rural African American emerging adults: A latent profile analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Trenette Clark Goings ◽  
Tianyi Yu ◽  
Gene H. Brody
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Contextual Risks ◽  
Latent Profile

Abstract African American emerging adults face unique contextual risks that place them at heightened risk for poor psychosocial outcomes. The purpose of this study was to identify profiles of contextual risks among rural African American emerging adults and determine how risk profiles relate to psychosocial outcomes. Our representative sample included 667 fifth graders who live in the rural South and were followed from preadolescence into emerging adulthood. Contextual risks were assessed at ages 19–21 years via six indicators: perceived stress, daily stress, community disadvantage, parent–child conflict, racial discrimination, and childhood trauma. Four psychosocial variables were also assessed at ages 19–21 years: self-regulation, racial identity, parent support, and friend support. Psychosocial outcomes were assessed at age 25 years: education, substance use, future orientation, depressive symptoms, and externalizing behaviors. Latent profile analysis results indicated that the sample could be characterized by three patterns of contextual risk: low contextual risk, high contextual risk, and high contextual risk–childhood trauma. Risk profiles were associated with psychosocial outcomes, with the childhood trauma and high-risk profiles faring worse than the low-risk profile. Further, childhood trauma was particularly predictive of worse outcomes for emerging adults. Findings highlight the need for research and prevention programs that mitigate the effects of contextual risks on psychosocial outcomes for African American emerging adults in rural areas.

scholarly journals A cascade model connecting life stress to risk behavior among rural African American emerging adults

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene H. Brody ◽  
Yi-Fu Chen ◽  
Steven M. Kogan
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Increases In Risk

AbstractA three-wave cascade model linking life stress to increases in risk behavior was tested with 347 African American emerging adults living in the rural South. Data analyses using structural equation modeling and latent growth curve modeling demonstrated that life stress was linked to increases in risk behavior as African Americans transitioned out of secondary school. The cascade model indicated that life stress fostered increases in negative emotions. Negative emotions, in turn, were linked to increases in affiliations with deviant peers and romantic partners; this forecast increases in risk behavior. The findings supported a stress proliferation framework, in which primary stressors affect increases in secondary stressors that carry forward to influence changes in risk behaviors that can potentially compromise mental health.

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