scholarly journals Racial discrimination and cortisol in African American emerging adults: The role of neighborhood racial composition.

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Lee ◽  
Andria B. Eisman ◽  
Sarah A. Stoddard ◽  
Melissa K. Peckins ◽  
Jason E. Goldstick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Neighborhood Racial Composition

Racial Discrimination and Trajectories of Problematic Alcohol Use Among African American Emerging Adults: The Role of Organizational Religious Involvement

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812110516
Author(s):  
Danielle R. Busby ◽  
Meredith O. Hope ◽  
Daniel B. Lee ◽  
Justin E. Heinze ◽  
Marc A. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Religious Involvement ◽  
Problematic Alcohol ◽  
Stable Class ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use

Racial discrimination jeopardizes a wide range of health behaviors for African Americans. Numerous studies demonstrate significant negative associations between racial discrimination and problematic alcohol use among African Americans. Culturally specific contexts (e.g., organized religious involvement) often function protectively against racial discrimination’s adverse effects for many African Americans. Yet organized religious involvement may affect the degree to which racial discrimination increases problematic alcohol use resulting in various alcohol use trajectories. These links remain understudied in emerging adulthood marked by when individuals transition from adolescence to early adult roles and responsibilities. We use data from 496 African American emerging adults from the Flint Adolescent Study (FAS) to (a) identify multiple and distinct alcohol use trajectories and (b) examine organizational religious involvement’s protective role. Three trajectory classes were identified: the high/stable, (20.76% of sample; n = 103); moderate/stable, (39.52% of sample; n = 196); and low/rising, (39.72% of the sample; n = 197). After controlling for sex, educational attainment, and general stress, the interaction between racial discrimination and organized religious involvement did not influence the likelihood of classifying into the moderate/stable class or the low/rising class, compared with the high/stable class. These results suggest organized religious involvement counteracts, but does not buffer racial discrimination’s effects on problematic alcohol use. Findings emphasize the critical need for culturally sensitive prevention efforts incorporating organized religious involvement for African American emerging adults exposed to racial discrimination. These prevention efforts may lessen the role of racial discrimination on health disparities related to alcohol use.

scholarly journals Does School Racial Composition Explain Why High Income Black Youth Perceive More Discrimination? A Gender Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
African American ◽  
African American Males ◽  
Black Youth ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

Recent research has documented poor mental health among high socioeconomic status (SES) Blacks, particularly African American males. The literature has also shown a positive link between SES and perceived discrimination, suggesting that perceived discrimination may explain why high SES Black males report poor mental health. To better understand the role of contextual factors in explaining this pattern, we aimed to test whether school racial composition explains why high income Black youth perceive more discrimination. We explored these associations by ethnicity and gender. Using data from the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent supplement (NSAL-A), the current study included 810 African American and 360 Caribbean Black youth, with a mean age of 15. Ethnicity, age, gender, income-to-needs ratio (SES), skin color, school racial composition, and perceived (daily) discrimination were measured. Using Stata 15.0 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA), we fitted seven structural equation models (SEMs) for data analysis in the pooled sample based on the intersection of ethnicity and gender. Considerable gender by ethnicity variations were found in the associations between SES, school racial composition, and perceived discrimination. For African American males but not African American females or Caribbean Black males or females, school racial composition fully mediated the effect of SES on perceived discrimination. The role of inter-racial contact as a mechanism for high discrimination and poor mental health of Black American adolescents may depend on their intersection of ethnicity and gender. School racial composition may be a mechanism for increased perceived discrimination among high SES African American males.

Teacher-Based Racial Discrimination: The Role of Racial Pride and Religiosity Among African American and Caribbean Black Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheretta T. Butler-Barnes ◽  
Stephanie Cook ◽  
Seanna Leath ◽  
Cleopatra Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Caribbean Black ◽  
Racial Pride

Malt Liquor Marketing in Inner Cities: The Role of Neighborhood Racial Composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat McKee ◽  
Rhonda Jones-Webb ◽  
Peter Hannan ◽  
Lan Pham
Keyword(s):  
Racial Composition ◽  
Inner Cities ◽  
Neighborhood Racial Composition

Neighborhood Racial Composition and Perceptions of Racial Discrimination: Evidence From the Black Women's Health Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew O. Hunt ◽  
Lauren A. Wise ◽  
Marie-Claude Jipguep ◽  
Yvette C. Cozier ◽  
Lynn Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Black Women ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Racial Composition ◽  
Ethnic Density ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Neighborhood Racial Composition

Little is known about the effects of social context or “place” factors (e.g., characteristics of local populations) on African Americans' perceptions and experiences of racism. Using data from 42,445 U.S. black women collected during the 1997 follow-up wave of the Black Women's Health Study, we investigated the association between neighborhood racial composition (“percent black” at the block-group level in 2000 Census data) and perceptions of racial discrimination. Perceived racial discrimination was measured using self-reports of the frequency of discrimination in “everyday” settings (e.g., being treated as if you are dishonest) and “lifetime” occurrences of discrimination on the job, in housing, and by the police. There was a linear inverse relationship between neighborhood percent black and perceived discrimination, i.e., higher percent black was associated with lower levels of discrimination. Our results support the conclusions that, relative to contexts in which blacks are a small minority, more evenly-mixed (i.e., integrated) contexts result in lower levels of discrimination (contact hypothesis), and mostly black contexts evidence the lowest levels of discrimination (ethnic density hypothesis).

Hope Springs: Moderating the Link Between Racial Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms for African American Emerging Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-404
Author(s):  
Amardeep Khahra ◽  
Alvin Thomas ◽  
Sarah Caffrey ◽  
Eric Taylor ◽  
Matthew Stull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
American Students ◽  
Constant Potential ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Hope

To better understand the moderating effect of coping mechanisms (distraction and rumination) and internal assets (hope) on the relationship between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms, a sample of 363 African American students (65.3% female; mean age = 20.25 years; SD = 2.39) from two large Midwestern universities were surveyed using self-report measures. Hierarchical multiple regressions were used to explore the relationships among the variables and depressive symptoms. Results indicated that discrimination (B = 0.10, p < .001) and ruminative coping (B = 1.05, p < .001) were positively related to depressive symptoms, while hope was negatively related to depression (B = −0.33, p < .001). Further, the relationship between discrimination and depressive symptoms was moderated by hope (B = 0.01, p = .02). The interaction between discrimination and depressive symptoms suggested that participants who reported low levels of hope also reported more depressive symptoms regardless of level of discrimination, compared with those who reported high hope. For these African American emerging adults, the results bring to light the potential of an internal asset that aids in reduction of depressive symptoms in response to constant, potential harm such as racial discrimination.

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