Supplemental Material for Go/No-Go Training Changes Food Evaluation in Both Morbidly Obese and Normal-Weight Individuals

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese

scholarly journals Facilitating Airway Surgery in a Morbidly Obese Patient Using Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Jia Lee ◽  
Kelvin Howyow Quek
Keyword(s):  
Obese Patient ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Airway Surgery ◽  
Laryngeal Surgery ◽  
Morbidly Obese Patient ◽  
Obese Population ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Difficult Airways ◽  
Surgical Field

Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) is a relatively new noninvasive oxygenation technique with a broad range of applications. It is used in the treatment of type one respiratory failure, as a preoxygenation tool, as a rescue and temporising measure in difficult airways, and as step-down oxygen therapy in patients after extubation. Its use has also been described in laryngeal surgeries, but they mainly involved normal-weight subjects or were used as a bridging oxygenation therapy before definitive airway is secured. The major benefits of using THRIVE in obese subjects undergoing laryngeal surgery include a tubeless and uninterrupted surgical field. This advantage is especially crucial in obese patients as they tend to have limited oropharyngeal space, rendering a shared airway technically challenging for surgeons. However, concerns of potential difficult airway and shorter safe apnoeic time in the obese population limit its use. In this case, we report its use as the sole oxygenation strategy in a morbidly obese patient undergoing airway surgery. Our experience suggests that THRIVE can provide a conducive operating field and adequate oxygenation in short apnoeic laryngeal procedures in the obese population, without causing excessive hypercarbia.

scholarly journals Serum Adiponectin Levels in Advanced-Stage Parkinson's Disease Patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Erica Cassani ◽  
Raffaella Cancello ◽  
Ferruccio Cavanna ◽  
Sabrina Maestrini ◽  
Anna Maria Di Blasio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Young Subjects

Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) experience body weight loss and reductions in the most common cardiovascular risk factors. At present, the pathogenetic mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. Increased serum concentrations of adiponectin, which possesses antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, are associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to determine adiponectin serum concentrations in PD patients. Thirty PD patients underwent a full nutritional status assessment, including the determination of adiponectin serum concentrations. Mean ± SD adiponectin concentrations were 9.59 ± 5.9 μg/mL (interquartile range: 5.92–12.9 μg/mL). In PD patients, adiponectin serum levels were similar to those in normal-weight, healthy, young subjects and significantly higher than that in an aged-matched group of morbidly obese subjects. Further studies are warranted to establish the role of adiponectin in the management of PD patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Amongst Bahraini Adolescents Aged 12-15 years Attending Primary Care Health Centers

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Keyword(s):  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Electronic File ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Primary Care Health ◽  
Care Health ◽  
Health Organization

Background and objective: The increase in obesity amongst adolescents is one of the most important public health concerns in many countries, including the Kingdom of Bahrain. The objective of the current study was to measure the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Bahraini adolescents. This study will aid in a better understanding of the issue and in pursuing preventive measures and campaigns to alleviate the problem. Methods: The weight, height, and body mass index of 9057 Bahraini adolescents was obtained from the Ministry of Health via the nation-wide health electronic file—I-Seha. The final sample consisted of 8463 adolescents; of which 4687 and 3776 were female and males, respectively. References standards from the World Health Organization were used to qualify the adolescents into normal weight, underweight, overweight, obese, and morbidly obese. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 42.3%. Among females the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21.5% and 20.8%, respectively, whereas in males. the prevalence was 18% and 24.3%, respectively. The lowest prevalence of overweight and obesity was among males aged 15 years (36.4%) and highest among males aged 12 years (47.4%). While in females the prevalence of overweight and obesity was lowest and highest amongst 15-year-olds (38.3%) and 12-year-olds (48.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high in adolescents in the Kingdom of Bahrain, especially in the younger age group. This increases the urgency to undertake measures to control the problem in the younger population, in order to reduce serious outcomes.

The Impact of Adolescent Obesity on Adult Height

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avivit Brener ◽  
Rachel Bello ◽  
Yael Lebenthal ◽  
Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan ◽  
Moshe Phillip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Height ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Excess Adiposity ◽  
Parental Height ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Childhood obesity is a major health concern. Excess adiposity during childhood affects growth and puberty. Our aim was to assess whether genetic adult height is compromised in adolescents with obesity. Methods: In a retrospective study of 190 obese patients followed at our Pediatric Endocrinology Institute, adult height and delta height (the difference between adult height and mid-parental height) were compared to those of 150 healthy age-matched normal-weight controls. Review of medical files yielded the relevant clinical and anthropometric data of patients, controls, and parents. Results: Of the 190 obese adolescents, 150 were morbidly obese. The median adult height of morbidly obese males was 174.3 cm, of obese males 174 cm, and of normal-weight males 176 cm (p = 0.025). Delta height of morbidly obese males was –0.5 cm, of obese males –0.8 cm, and of normal-weight males, 3 cm (p < 0.0001). The median adult height of morbidly obese females was 161.3 cm, of obese females 162.8 cm, and of normal-weight females 162 cm (p = 0.37). Delta height of morbidly obese females was –1.85 cm, of obese females –0.95 cm, and of normal-weight females 0.7 cm (p = 0.019). Impairment of potential genetic height was not associated with obesity-related comorbidities. Conclusion: Adolescents with obesity showed impairment of potential genetic adult height as compared to that of normal-weight subjects.

scholarly journals Predictors of Retention Among African Americans in a Randomized Controlled Trial to Test the Healthy Eating and Active Living in the Spirit (HEALS) Intervention

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwole A. Babatunde ◽  
Swann Arp Adams ◽  
Micheal D. Wirth ◽  
Jan M. Eberth ◽  
Jameson Sofge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Randomized Controlled

<p class="Pa7"><strong>Introduction: </strong>Retention of racial/ethnic minority groups into research trials is neces­sary to fully understand and address health disparities. This study was conducted to identify participants’ characteristics associ­ated with retention of African Americans (AAs) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a behavioral intervention.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from an RCT con­ducted from 2009 to 2012 among AAs, participant-level factors were examined for associations with retention between three measurement points (ie, baseline, 3-month, and 12-month). Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were conducted to compare retained participants to those who were not retained in order to identify important predictors of retention.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>About 57% of participants (n=238) were retained at 12 months. Baseline char­acteristics that showed a statistically signifi­cant association with retention status were age, marital status, body mass index (BMI), intervention group, enrollment of a partner in the study, and perceived stress score (PSS). Multivariable logistic regression that adjusted for age, BMI, and PSS showed the odds of being retained among participants who enrolled with a partner was 2.95 (95% CI: 1.87-4.65) compared with participants who had no study partner enrolled. The odds of being retained among participants who were obese and morbidly obese were .32 and .27 (95% CI: .14-.74 and .11-.69), respectively, compared with participants who had normal weight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Having a partner enrolled in behavioral interventions may improve retention of study participants. Researchers also need to be cognizant of participants’ obesity status and potentially target reten­tion efforts toward these individuals. <em></em></p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2017;27(3):265-272; doi:10.18865/ed.27.3.265.</p><strong></strong>

Appendicitis, Body Mass Index, and CT: Is CT More Valuable for Obese Patients than Thin Patients?

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney A. Coursey ◽  
Rendon C. Nelson ◽  
Ricardo D. Moreno ◽  
Mayur B. Patel ◽  
Craig A. Beam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Negative Appendectomy ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Preoperative Ct ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Underweight Patients

The purpose of our study is to determine whether body mass index (BMI = weight in kg/height in meters2) was related to the rate of negative appendectomy in patients who underwent preoperative CT. A surgical database search performed using the procedure code for appendectomy identified 925 patients at least 18 years of age who underwent urgent appendectomy between January 1998 and September 2007. BMI was computed for the 703 of these 925 patients for whom height and weight information was available. Patients were stratified based on body mass index (BMI 15-18.49 = underweight; 18.5-24.9 = normal weight; 25–29.9 = overweight; 30-39.9 = obese; > 40 = morbidly obese). Negative appendectomy rates were computed. Negative appendectomy rates for patients who did and did not undergo preoperative CT were 27 per cent and 50 per cent for underweight patients, 10 per cent and 15 per cent for normal weight patients, 12 per cent and 17 per cent for overweight patients, 7 per cent and 30 per cent for obese patients, and 10 per cent and 100 per cent for morbidly obese patients. The difference in negative appendectomy rates for overweight patients, obese patients, and morbidly obese patients who underwent preoperative CT as compared with patients in the same BMI category who did not undergo preoperative CT was statistically significant ( P ≤ 0.001). The negative appendectomy rates for overweight patients, obese patients, and morbidly obese patients who underwent preoperative CT were significantly lower than for patients in these same BMI categories who did not undergo preoperative CT.

scholarly journals Implications for IV posaconazole dosing in the era of obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roeland E Wasmann ◽  
Cornelis Smit ◽  
Marieke H van Donselaar ◽  
Eric P A van Dongen ◽  
René M J Wiezer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Starting Point

Abstract Background The prevalence of obesity has shown a dramatic increase over recent decades. Obesity is associated with underdosing of antimicrobial drugs for prophylaxis and treatment. Posaconazole is a broad-spectrum triazole antifungal drug licensed for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal infections. It is unclear how posaconazole should be dosed in obese patients. Methods We performed a prospective study investigating the pharmacokinetics of posaconazole in morbidly obese (n = 16) and normal-weight (n = 8) subjects, with a weight ranging between 61.4 and 190 kg, after a 300 or 400 mg IV dose. Population pharmacokinetic modelling was used to assess the effect of body size on posaconazole pharmacokinetics. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03246386. Results Total body weight best predicted changes in CL and V. Model-based simulations demonstrated that, for treatment of fungal infections, a daily IV dose of 300 mg will result in a PTA of ≥90% in individuals up to 140 kg, after which both twice daily loading and the daily maintenance dose should be increased to 400 mg. For prophylaxis, a 300 mg IV dose is adequate in patients up to 190 kg. Conclusions Body size has a significant impact on posaconazole CL and V, resulting in a lower exposure in obese subjects compared with normal-weight subjects. For therapeutic use of posaconazole, a dose increase is required in patients above 140 kg. For prophylaxis, a 300 mg IV dose is adequate. For oral treatment, these recommendations can act as a starting point followed by therapeutic drug monitoring.

Recategorisation of body mass index to achieve andrological predictive power: a study in more than 20 000 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Ramírez ◽  
Rosa Inés Molina ◽  
Andrea Tissera ◽  
Eugenia Mercedes Luque ◽  
Pedro Javier Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Underweight Patients

The aim of this study was to recategorise body mass index (BMI) in order to classify patients according to their risk of semen abnormalities. Patients (n=20563) presenting at an andrology laboratory were classified into five groups according to BMI: underweight (BMI &lt;20kg m−2), normal weight (BMI 20–24.9kg m−2), overweight (BMI 25–29.9kg m−2), obese (BMI 30–39.9kg m−2) and morbidly obese (BMI &gt;40kg m−2). Semen quality was evaluated to determine: (1) differences between groups using analysis of variance (ANOVA); (2) the chances of semen abnormalities (using generalised linear models, Chi-squared tests and odds ratios); (3) reference BMI values with andrological predictive power (multivariate conglomerate analyses and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA)); and (4) expected values of abnormalities for each new group resulting from BMI recategorisation. Morbidly obese and underweight patients exhibited the highest decrease in semen quality and had higher chances of semen abnormalities. The smallest number of sperm abnormalities was found at a BMI of 27kg m−2. Four reference values were identified, recategorising BMI into four groups according to their risk of semen abnormalities (from lowest to highest risk): Group1,BMI between 20 and 32kg m−2; Group2, BMI &lt;20 and BMI &gt;32–37kg m−2; Group3, BMI &gt;37–42kg m−2; and Group4, BMI &gt;42kg m−2. A BMI &lt;20 or &gt;32kg m−2 is negatively associated with semen quality; these negative associations on semen quality increase from a BMI &gt;37kg m−2 and increase even further for BMI &gt;42kg m−2. The BMI recategorisation in this study has andrological predictive power.

scholarly journals The clinical research office of the endourological society percutaneous nephrolithotomy global study: Outcomes in the morbidly obese patient – a case control analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Fuller ◽  
Hassan Razvi ◽  
John D. Denstedt ◽  
Linda Nott ◽  
Ad Hendrikx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Transfusion Rate ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Operative Duration ◽  
Research Office

Background: Efficacy and safety of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) have been demonstrated in obese individuals. Yet, there is a paucity of data on the outcomes of PCNL in morbidly obese patients (body mass index [BMI] >40).Methods: Perioperative and stone-related outcomes following PCNL in morbidly obese patients was assessed using a prospective database administered by the Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES). A multidimensional match of 97 morbidly obese patients with those of normal weight was created using propensity score matching. Student’s t-test and Chi-square tests were used to assess for differences between the groups.Results: In total, 97 patients with a BMI >40 kg/m2 were matched by stone characteristics with 97 patients of normal weight. The morbidly obese population demonstrated higher rates of diabetes mellitus (43% vs. 6%, p < 0.001) and cardiovascular disease (56% vs. 18%, (p < 0.001). Access was achieved more frequently by radiologists in the morbidly obese group (19% vs. 6%, p = 0.016). Mean operative duration was longer in the morbidly obese group (112 ± 56 min vs. 86 ± 43.5 min, p < 0.001). Stone-free rates were lower in the morbidly obese group (66% vs. 77%, p = 0.071). There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay or transfusion rate. Morbidly obese patients were significantly more likely to experience a postoperative complication (22% vs. 6%, p = 0.004).Interpretation: PCNL in morbidly obese patients is associated with longer operative duration, higher rates of re-intervention and an increased risk of perioperative complications. With this knowledge, urologists should seek to develop strategies to optimize the perioperative management of such patients.

scholarly journals Erosive Esophagitis in the Obese: The Effect of Ethnicity and Gender on Its Association

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albin Abraham ◽  
Seth Lipka ◽  
Rabab Hajar ◽  
Bhuma Krishnamachari ◽  
Ravi Virdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Erosive Esophagitis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

Background.Data examining the association between obesity and erosive esophagitis (ErE) have been inconsistent, with very little known about interracial variation.Goals.To examine the association between obesity and ErE among patients of different ethnic/racial backgrounds.Methods.The study sample included 2251 patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). The effects of body mass index (BMI) on ErE were assessed by gender and in different ethnic groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results.The prevalence of ErE was 29.4% (661/2251). Overweight and obese subjects were significantly more likely to have ErE than individuals with a normal BMI, with the highest risk seen in the morbidly obese (OR 6.26; 95% CI 3.82–10.28;p<0.0001). Normal weight Black patients were less likely to have ErE as compared to Caucasians (OR 0.46; 95% CI 0.27–0.79;p=0.005), while the odds ratio comparing normal weight Hispanics to normal weight Whites was not statistically significant. No effect modification was seen between BMI and race/ethnicity or BMI and gender. Significant trends were seen in each gender and ethnicity.Conclusions.The effect of BMI on ErE does not appear to vary by race/ethnicity or gender.

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