Supplemental Material for The Impact of Inequality on Mental Health Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of whole-of-diet interventions on depression and anxiety: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 2074-2093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachelle S Opie ◽  
Adrienne O’Neil ◽  
Catherine Itsiopoulos ◽  
Felice N Jacka
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveNon-pharmacological approaches to the treatment of depression and anxiety are of increasing importance, with emerging evidence supporting a role for lifestyle factors in the development of these disorders. Observational evidence supports a relationship between habitual diet quality and depression. Less is known about the causative effects of diet on mental health outcomes. Therefore a systematic review was undertaken of randomised controlled trials of dietary interventions that used depression and/or anxiety outcomes and sought to identify characteristics of programme success.DesignA systematic search of the Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed and PyscInfo databases was conducted for articles published between April 1971 and May 2014.ResultsOf the 1274 articles identified, seventeen met eligibility criteria and were included. All reported depression outcomes and ten reported anxiety or total mood disturbance. Compared with a control condition, almost half (47 %) of the studies observed significant effects on depression scores in favour of the treatment group. The remaining studies reported a null effect. Effective dietary interventions were based on a single delivery mode, employed a dietitian and were less likely to recommend reducing red meat intake, select leaner meat products or follow a low-cholesterol diet.ConclusionsAlthough there was a high level of heterogeneity, we found some evidence for dietary interventions improving depression outcomes. However, as only one trial specifically investigated the impact of a dietary intervention in individuals with clinical depression, appropriately powered trials that examine the effects of dietary improvement on mental health outcomes in those with clinical disorders are required.

scholarly journals Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12257
Author(s):  
Zubair Ahmed Ratan ◽  
Anne-Maree Parrish ◽  
Sojib Bin Zaman ◽  
Mohammad Saud Alotaibi ◽  
Hassan Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Background: Smartphones play a critical role in increasing human–machine interactions, with many advantages. However, the growing popularity of smartphone use has led to smartphone overuse and addiction. This review aims to systematically investigate the impact of smartphone addiction on health outcomes. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to carry out the systematic review. Five electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus were searched to identify eligible studies. Eligible studies were screened against predetermined inclusion criteria and data were extracted according to the review questions. This review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020181404). The quality of the articles was assessed using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: A total of 27 of 2550 articles met the inclusion criteria. All of the studies were cross-sectional and focused on physical, mental, and neurological health outcomes. The majority of the studies focused on mental health outcomes and consistent associations were observed between smartphone addiction and several mental health outcomes. Anxiety and depression were commonly found to mediate mental health problems. A wide range of physical health sequelae was also associated with smartphone addiction. Furthermore, there was an association between smartphone addiction and neurological disorders. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that there are consistent associations between smartphone addiction and physical and mental health, especially mental health. Social awareness campaigns about smartphone addiction and its impact on physical and mental health are needed. Further studies, especially randomized controlled trials, are warranted to validate the impacts of smartphone addiction.

The impact of inequality on mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-126
Author(s):  
Benjamin Gibson ◽  
Jekaterina Schneider ◽  
Deborah Talamonti ◽  
Mark Forshaw
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
The Impact

A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials Evaluating Interventions Following Non-Marital Relationship Separation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Kazan ◽  
Alison L. Calear ◽  
Philip J. Batterham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Marital Relationship ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Impact

The effect of a relationship separation on wellbeing is substantial. However, without divorce parameters, individuals in dating or cohabiting relationships may struggle to access support mechanisms. A systematic review was conducted to identify controlled trials of interventions targeting individuals who have experienced a non-marital relationship separation, to supplement the divorce literature. The aim of the review was to assess the impact of these interventions on mental health. Five articles were identified through PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and Medline databases. Overall, two of the trials reported a significant improvement in specific mental health outcomes at post-test and/or follow-up. Of the two trials demonstrating efficacy in mental health outcomes, one used a weekly, forgiveness-based group intervention and the other was a writing-based, self-initiated intervention. A lack of trials testing theory-driven interventions for relationship separation is of particular concern. Limitations of the existing literature and corresponding directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The relationship between organisational stressors and mental wellbeing within police officers: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit Purba ◽  
Evangelia Demou
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Occupational stressors in police work increase the risk for officer mental health morbidities. Officers’ poor mental wellbeing is harmful to the individual, can affect professionalism, organisational effectiveness, and public safety. While the impact of operational stressors on officers’ mental wellbeing is well documented, no review has systematically investigated organisational stressor impacts. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess the relationship between organisational stressors and police officer mental wellbeing. Methods Systematic review conducted following PRISMA and Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. Literature search was undertaken from 1990 to May 2017 on four databases (EBSCOHOST Medline/SocINDEX/PsycINFO/OVID Embase) and grey literature. Included articles were critically appraised and assessed for risk of bias. Narrative and evidence syntheses were performed by specific mental health outcomes. Results In total, 3571 results were returned, and 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. All included studies were published in English between 1995 and 2016, had cross-sectional study designs, spanned across four continents and covered 15,150 officers. Strong evidence of significant associations was identified for organisational stressors and the outcomes of: occupational stress, psychiatric symptoms/psychological distress, emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment. The organisational stressors most often demonstrating consistently significant associations with mental health outcomes included lack of support, demand, job pressure, administrative/organisational pressure and long working-hours. Conclusions This review is the first to systematically examine organisational stressors and mental health in police officers. Organisational stressors that can be targeted by interventions and policy changes to secure officer wellbeing, a healthy work environment, and benefits to the organisation and the public are identified.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Impact of Viral Respiratory Epidemics on Mental Health: An Implication on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Luo ◽  
Cher Rui Chua ◽  
Zhonghui Xiong ◽  
Roger C. Ho ◽  
Cyrus S. H. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
General Public ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Background: The twenty-first century viral respiratory epidemics have taught us valuable lessons. Our systematic review examined the impact of these epidemics, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), on mental health among different population groups, drawing on their insights for recommendations for the current COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Searches were performed on PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane on April 4, 2020. Studies that had undefined mental health outcomes or did not use a validated scale for measure were excluded. Quality assessment was carried out via the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.Results: We included 95 studies, most of which were conducted in Hong Kong (31.6%) and China (21.4%). A total of 30 (30.9%) studies are on the general public, 41 (42.2%) on healthcare workers, and 26 (26.6%) on patients and quarantined individuals. Furthermore, 36 (37.1%) of the studies are of high quality, 48 (49.5%) are of moderate quality, and 13 (13.4%) are of low quality. The most significant mental health outcomes reported include anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms. The subgroups identified to have a higher risk of psychiatric symptoms among the general public include females, the elderly, individuals with chronic illness, migrant workers, and students. Long-term mental health impact was reported in some healthcare workers and epidemic patients, even up to 3 years in the former. Interestingly, when compared to non-quarantined groups, quarantine was not significantly associated with worse mental health outcomes.Conclusion: Important implications for the COVID-19 pandemic were highlighted. Respiratory epidemics pose a significant psychological morbidity onto many population groups. Psychological support for vulnerable groups, including healthcare workers and patients, should be implemented to prevent them from spiraling into clinical psychiatric conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 and other pandemics and epidemics on people with pre-existing mental disorders: a systematic review protocol and suggestions for clinical care

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e040229
Author(s):  
Anjali Sergeant ◽  
Emma Alaine van Reekum ◽  
Nitika Sanger ◽  
Alexander Dufort ◽  
Tea Rosic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in high rates of infection and death, as well as widespread social disruption and a reduction in access to healthcare services and support. There is growing concern over how the pandemic, as well as measures put in place to curb the pandemic, will impact people with mental disorders. We aim to study the effect of pandemics and epidemics on mental health outcomes for people with premorbid mental disorders.Methods and analysisWith our predefined search strategy, we will search five databases for studies reporting on mental health outcomes in people with pre-existing mental disorders during pandemic and epidemic settings. Search dates are planned as follows: 5 May 2020 and 23 July 2020. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, MedRxiv and EMBASE. Data will be screened and extracted in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Studies involving non-clinical populations or patients diagnosed with a mental disorder during a pandemic/epidemic will be excluded. We will include data collected from all pandemics and epidemics throughout history, including the present COVID-19 pandemic. If possible, study findings will be combined in meta-analyses, and subgroup analyses will be performed. We hope that this review will shed light on the impact of pandemics and epidemics on those with pre-existing mental disorders. Knowledge generated may inform future intervention studies as well as healthcare policies. Given the potential implications of the current pandemic measures (ie, disruption of healthcare services) on mental health, we will also compile a list of existing mental health resources.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for this protocol and proposed systematic review as we will only use data from previously published papers that have themselves received ethics clearance and used proper informed consent procedures.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO registration number: CRD42020179611.

Mental health outcomes of balneotherapy: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92
Author(s):  
James Clark-Kennedy ◽  
Gerard Kennedy ◽  
Marc Cohen ◽  
Russell Conduit
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes

The Impact of Mobile Application Systems Use on Mental Health Outcomes: A Secondary Analysis of the Effect of Systems Usage on Anxiety, Worry, & Emotional Reactivity Among Participants in the Unwinding Anxiety Program (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Nardi ◽  
Alexandra Roy ◽  
Shira Dunsiger ◽  
Judson Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Health Behavior Change ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Mobile health applications provide a promising avenue to help mitigate the burden on mental health services by complimenting therapist-led treatments for anxiety. However, it remains unclear how specific systems' use of application components (i.e., tools) may be associated with changes in clinical symptomatology (i.e., anxiety, worry). OBJECTIVE This study was a secondary analysis of systems usage data from the Stage I randomized controlled trial testing the impact of the Unwinding Anxiety mobile application among adults with GAD. This secondary analysis was conducted to assess how using specific application tools may be associated with improvements in anxiety, worry, emotional regulation, and interoceptive awareness. METHODS We present analyses of the intervention group (i.e., those who received the Unwinding Anxiety program) during the Stage 1 trial. Total use of specific mobile application tools (i.e., ecological tools, meditation practices, educational modules) as well use specific to each tool (e.g., stress meter, lovingkindness meditation practice) were calculated. We utilized multivariate linear models to investigate the effect of total use of these tools on anxiety, worry, interoceptive awareness, emotional regulation at 2-months post-program initiation controlling for baseline scores, age, and education level. In addition, associations between systems usage metrics and baseline participant characteristics were assessed for differences in usage groupings. RESULTS The sample was primarily female (n=25; 92.6%) and the average age was 42.9 years old (SD=15.6) and educational module completion, the central intervention component, averaged 20.2 + 11.4 modules out of XXX for the total sample. Multivariate models revealed that completing >75% of the program was associated with an average 22.6-point increase in interoceptive awareness (SE=8.32, p=0.013) and an 11.6-point decrease in worry (SE=4.12, p=0.009). In addition, a single log unit change in total number of meditations was associated with a 0.95-point reduction in GAD-7 scores (SE=0.27, p=0.005) while a single log unit use of the stress meter was associated with an average of a 0.5-point increase in emotional regulation scores (FFMQ) (SE=0.21, p=0.027). CONCLUSIONS The work presented offers a clearer understanding of the impact of specific mobile app systems use on mental health outcomes. In addition, this research lays the groundwork for future comprehensive investigations of systems usage in dosing studies for health behavior change. CLINICALTRIAL Developing a Novel Digital Therapeutic for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (NCT03683472).

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