scholarly journals Individual differences in neurocognitive aging in outbred male and female long-evans rats.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Teng Koh ◽  
Robert W. McMahan ◽  
Michela Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Neurocognitive Aging ◽  
Long Evans

scholarly journals Increased alcohol self-administration following exposure to the predator odor TMT in high stress-reactive female rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C. Ornelas ◽  
Ryan E. Tyler ◽  
Preethi Irukulapati ◽  
Sudheesha Paladugu ◽  
Joyce Besheer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Predator Odor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
List Type ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Long Evans

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are highly comorbid. Additionally, individual differences in response to stress suggest resilient and susceptible populations. The current study exposed male and female Long Evans rats to the synthetically produced predator odor 2,5-dihydro-2,4,5-trimethylthiazoline (TMT) to examine individual differences in stress-reactive behaviors (digging and immobility) and whether these differences could predict lasting consequences of TMT and increases in alcohol drinking. Male and female Long Evans rats were trained on operant alcohol self-administration. After 9 sessions, rats underwent exposure to TMT or water (Control) in a distinct context. 6 days after TMT exposure, rats underwent re-exposure to the TMT-paired context (without TMT), and a series of behavioral assessments (acoustic startle, zero maze, light/dark box), after which rats resumed alcohol self-administration. Rats were divided into two TMT-subgroups using a ratio of digging and immobility behavior during TMT exposure: TMT-subgroup 1 (low digging/immobility ratio) and TMT-subgroup 2 (high digging/immobility ratio). Digging/immobility ratio scores predicted elevated corticosterone levels during TMT exposure and reactivity during context re-exposure in males and females (TMT-subgroup 2), as well as elevated corticosterone levels after context re-exposure and hyperarousal behavior in females (TMT-subgroup 1). Furthermore, TMT stress reactivity predicted increases in alcohol self-administration, specifically in females. These data show that stress-reactivity can predict lasting behavioral changes which may lead to a better understanding of increases in alcohol drinking following stress in females and that individual differences in stress-reactive behaviors using TMT may be helpful to understand resilience/susceptibility to the lasting consequences of stress.HighlightsExposure to the predator odor TMT produces distinct behavioral phenotypes in male and female ratsMale and female high stress reactive rats show enhanced reactivity to the TMT-paired contextStress-reactivity during TMT predicts increases in alcohol self-administration, in femalesStress-reactivity may help to understand resilience/susceptibility and impact on alcohol drinking

Twin Resemblances in Creativity and in Esthetic and Emotional Expression

1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Barron ◽  
Paolo Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Halo Effect ◽  
Objective Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Trait Rating ◽  
Standard List

Three sources of observation relevant to the measurement of individual differences in emotional and esthetic expressiveness were employed to study their heritability by application to a sample of some 60 pairs of young adult like-sexed twins, approximately evenly divided between male and female and MZ and DZ pairs. The sources of observation were objective test performances, trait ascription using a standard list of adjectives, and videotaped enactments of mood and esthetic performances. Perceptual and esthetic abilities do appear to have substantial heritability, although esthetic preferences do not. Heritability is also indicated for such adjectives as artistic, inventive, original, and independent. Ratings of the videotape performances yielded somewhat ambiguous results, due to the presence of a marked halo effect; the most likely interpretation congruent with earlier results is that greater MZ twin resemblances in social extroversion generated greater resemblances in the videotape situation on such other trait-rating variables as creativity, naturalness, and dominance.

scholarly journals Individual differences in neurocognitive aging of the medial temporal lobe

AGE ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Gallagher ◽  
Carlo Colantuoni ◽  
Howard Eichenbaum ◽  
Rebecca P. Haberman ◽  
Peter R. Rapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Neurocognitive Aging

scholarly journals The Experience of Victimisation among Muslim Adolescents in the UK: The Effect of Psychological and Religious Factors

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Francis ◽  
Ursula McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Muslim Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Being Bullied ◽  
Religious Factors ◽  
The Uk

This study set out to explore the levels of victimisation experienced by Muslim adolescents in the UK, the extent to which victimisation is conceptualised in religious terms, and the extent to which individual differences in the experience of victimisation is related to personal factors, psychological factors and religious factors. Data provided by 335 13- to 15-year-old Muslim students from England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales demonstrated that one in four Muslim students (25%) reported being bullied because of their religion. These students saw their religious identity as being a more important cause of their victimisation than their ethnicity, their colour, or their name. Male and female Muslim students were equally vulnerable to victimisation. Psychological and religious variables predicted individual differences in vulnerability to victimisation among Muslim students.

Belief in Supernatural Phenomena and Locus of Control

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1159-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick J. Scheidt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Attitude Questionnaire ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Superstitious Beliefs

It is hypothesized that Rotter's I-E variable mediates individual differences in supernatural and superstitious beliefs, with externals exhibiting more positive attitudes toward such phenomena. An approximately equal number of male and female introductory psychology students were selected as externals ( N = 20) and internals ( N = 23) from upper and lower quartiles of the Rotter I-E scale. All Ss were administered an attitude questionnaire assessing beliefs toward several paranormal, occult, and pseudoscientific phenomena. Analysis via a 2 × 2 (I-E Control × Sex) analysis of variance strongly confirmed the hypothesis ( p < .01). Although not predicted, females, regardless of I-E status, were much more favorably disposed toward such phenomena than males ( p < .01). Differences in more general attitudes toward both religion and science are suggested as mediating the over-all I-E and sex differences.

Incidental Learning and Deployment of Attention

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 529-530
Author(s):  
Jacob Beiser
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Incidental Learning ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lower Division

Correlations between individual differences in incidental learning and in deployment of attention were examined for 26 male and female lower division college students (–.329) and for a second sample of 46 Ss (.260). Results suggest that superiority in both deployment of attention (striking out symbols) and incidental learning (recall of words and Remote Associates Task) are linked.

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