The effects of reinforcement magnitude during token gain and loss on procedural efficacy and preference.

AbstractThe exotic physics emerging in non-Hermitian systems with balanced distributions of gain and loss has recently drawn a great deal of attention. These systems exhibit phase transitions and exceptional point singularities in their spectra, at which eigen-values and eigen-modes coalesce and the overall dimensionality is reduced. So far, these principles have been implemented at the expense of precise fabrication and tuning requirements, involving tailored nano-structured devices with controlled optical gain and loss. In this work, anti-parity-time symmetric phase transitions and exceptional point singularities are demonstrated in a single strand of single-mode telecommunication fibre, using a setup consisting of off-the-shelf components. Two propagating signals are amplified and coupled through stimulated Brillouin scattering, enabling exquisite control over the interaction-governing non-Hermitian parameters. Singular response to small-scale variations and topological features arising around the exceptional point are experimentally demonstrated with large precision, enabling robustly enhanced response to changes in Brillouin frequency shift.

Download Full-text

Does a Manager Respond to a Going-Concern Audit Opinion with an Asymmetry in Gain and Loss?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084425 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4425

Author(s):

Taewoo Kim

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Accounting Conservatism ◽

Timely Manner ◽

Audit Opinion ◽

Going Concern ◽

Asymmetric Timeliness ◽

Gain And Loss ◽

Audit Opinions ◽

The Relationship

In this paper, I investigate the relationship between previous going-concern audit opinions and subsequent asymmetric timeliness in accounting. Using the time-series and price-based models and conservatism proxy, I find that firms with going-concern audit opinions subsequently report losses in a more timely manner than firms that did not receive going-concern audit opinions. Furthermore, I also find that firms exiting going-concern audit opinions are more likely to report losses rather than gains in a timely manner, compared to firms non-exiting from going-concern opinions. This study extends the prior research by exploring the association between going-concern opinions and accounting conservatism from the perspective of client firms—that is, how firms behave strategically and conservatively to bypass going-concern opinions, once the firms had received previous going-concern opinions.

Download Full-text

Identification of E2F transcription factor 7 as a novel potential biomarker for oral squamous cell carcinoma

Head & Face Medicine ◽

10.1186/s13005-021-00258-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ping Zhou ◽

Lei Xiao ◽

Xiaonan Xu

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Transcription Factor ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Loss Function ◽

High Expression ◽

E2f Transcription Factor ◽

Gain And Loss

Abstract Background As a tumor-accelerating transcriptional factor, E2F transcription factor 7 (E2F7) was up-regulated in many forms of cancers. Nevertheless, little has been reported about the impacts of E2F7 on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Here, we aimed to probe whether E2F7 had influences on OSCC and its potential mechanism. Methods The expression of E2F7 in OSCC tissues was analyzed using the data acquired from TCGA and ONCOMINE databases. E2F7 prognostic value in OSCC patients was analyzed utilizing TCGA database. The expression of E2F7 in OSCC cell lines was detected by qRT-PCR. Gain-and loss-function of E2F7 assays in TCA-83 and CAL27 cells were performed respectively to inquire the function of E2F7. Western blotting was applied to test the alternations of EMT-related markers. Results In OSCC tissues, E2F7 was highly expressed. Besides, high expression of E2F7 predicted worse prognosis in OSCC patients. Moreover, E2F7 was over-expressed in TCA-83, HSC-4 and CAL27 (all OSCC cell lines) cells relative to that in HNOK (a normal cell line) cells. Gain-and loss-function assays displayed that deficiency of E2F7 suppresses CAL27 cell growth, migration, invasion and E2F7 high-expression resulted in inverse outcomes in TCA-83 cells. Finally, we found that silencing of E2F7 facilitated E-cadherin protein expression level and reduced N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail protein levels in CAL27 cells, whilst E2F7 high-expression exhibited the opposite effects in TCA-83 cells. Conclusions These outcomes indicated that E2F7 performs a carcinogenic role in OSCC, which provides a theoretical basis for the therapeutic strategies of OSCC.

Download Full-text