Relationships among academic procrastination, psychological flexibility, and delay discounting.

Kylie R. Sutcliffe; Ben Sedley; Maree J. Hunt; Anne C. Macaskill

doi:10.1037/bar0000145

Relationships among academic procrastination, psychological flexibility, and delay discounting.

Behavior Analysis Research and Practice ◽

10.1037/bar0000145 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 315-326

Author(s):

Kylie R. Sutcliffe ◽

Ben Sedley ◽

Maree J. Hunt ◽

Anne C. Macaskill

Keyword(s):

Delay Discounting ◽

Psychological Flexibility ◽

Academic Procrastination

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Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Impulsive Decision-Making

Behavior Modification ◽

10.1177/0145445519833041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 600-623 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kate L. Morrison ◽

Brooke M. Smith ◽

Clarissa W. Ong ◽

Eric B. Lee ◽

Jonathan E. Friedel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽

Delay Discounting ◽

Significant Interaction ◽

Distress Tolerance ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Psychological Flexibility ◽

Commitment Therapy ◽

Acceptance And Commitment ◽

Valued Living

This study examined the transdiagnostic effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on impulsive decision-making in a community sample. A total of 40 adults were randomized to eight individual sessions of ACT or an inactive control. Participants completed pre-, mid-, and post-assessments for psychological symptoms; overall behavior change; valued living; delay discounting; psychological flexibility; and distress tolerance. Data were analyzed with multilevel modeling of growth curves. Significant interaction effects of time and condition were observed for psychological flexibility, distress tolerance, psychological symptoms, and the obstruction subscale of valued living. No significant interaction effect was found for two delay discounting tasks nor the progress subscale of valued living. The ACT condition had a significantly larger reduction of problem behavior at post-assessment. The results support use of ACT as a transdiagnostic treatment for impulsive behaviors. The lack of change in delay discounting contrasts previous research.

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Cognitive Reflection Effects on Time Discounting

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000254 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 99-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michał Białek ◽

Przemysław Sawicki

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Individual Difference ◽

Delay Discounting ◽

Reference Point ◽

Reference Points ◽

Cognitive Reflection Test ◽

Process Information ◽

Time Discounting ◽

Cognitive Reflection ◽

The Way

Abstract. In this work, we investigated individual differences in cognitive reflection effects on delay discounting – a preference for smaller sooner over larger later payoff. People are claimed to prefer more these alternatives they considered first – so-called reference point – over the alternatives they considered later. Cognitive reflection affects the way individuals process information, with less reflective individuals relying predominantly on the first information they consider, thus, being more susceptible to reference points as compared to more reflective individuals. In Experiment 1, we confirmed that individuals who scored high on the Cognitive Reflection Test discount less strongly than less reflective individuals, but we also show that such individuals are less susceptible to imposed reference points. Experiment 2 replicated these findings additionally providing evidence that cognitive reflection predicts discounting strength and (in)dependency to reference points over and above individual difference in numeracy.

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Delay Discounting in Impulsive Behavior

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000360 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 312-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Diana Moreira ◽

Fernando Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Delay Discounting ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Cochrane Collaboration ◽

Initial Assessment ◽

Impulsive Behavior ◽

Manual Search ◽

Study Results ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

The Future

Abstract. Delay discounting (DD) is the process of devaluing results that happen in the future. With this review, we intend to identify specificities in the processes of DD in impulsive behavior. Studies were retrieved from multiple literature databases, through rigorous criteria (we included systematic reviews and empirical studies with adult human subjects), following the procedures of the Cochrane Collaboration initiative. Of the 174 documents obtained, 19 were considered eligible for inclusion and were retained for in-depth analysis. In addition, 13 studies from the manual search were included. Thus, a total of 32 studies were selected for review. The objectives/hypotheses, results, and the main conclusion(s) were extracted from each study. Results show that people with pronounced traits of impulsivity discount rewards more markedly, that is, they prefer immediate rewards, though of less value, or postponed losses, even though they worsen in the future. Taken together, the existing data suggest the importance of inserting DD as a tool for initial assessment in conjunction with measures of addiction and stress level, as well as the consideration of new therapies.

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