Providing noncontingent access to music in addition to escape extinction as a treatment for liquid refusal in a child with autism.

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Hallie M. Smith ◽  
Daniel L. Gadke ◽  
Kasee K. Stratton ◽  
Hailey Ripple ◽  
Carmen D. Reisener
Keyword(s):  
Escape Extinction

Using Escape Extinction and Reinforcement to Increase Eating in a Young Child with Autism

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilly T. D. Bui ◽  
Dennis W. Moore ◽  
Angelika Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Escape Extinction ◽  
Food Acceptance ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Treatment Package

Feeding problems that can lead to associated nutritionally related medical conditions and often cause stress and difficulties for parents are prevalent in children with autism. It is therefore important to target these problem behaviours through effective interventions. The present study was designed to trial a procedure comprised of escape extinction combined with positive reinforcement with the aim to reduce food refusals and increase eating in a child with autism. It was predicted that the intervention package would significantly reduce food refusals and increase eating and that any increase in food acceptance would be maintained and generalised to other behaviours related to feeding on termination of the intervention. The research design was a multiple baseline across settings. The results confirmed our predictions. It was concluded that the treatment package was effective at increasing food acceptance.

scholarly journals ON THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT AND ESCAPE EXTINCTION IN THE TREATMENT OF FOOD REFUSAL

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathleen C. Piazza ◽  
Meeta R. Patel ◽  
Charles S. Gulotta ◽  
Bart M. Sevin ◽  
Stacy A. Layer
Keyword(s):  
Positive Reinforcement ◽  
Food Refusal ◽  
Escape Extinction

scholarly journals Extinction probabilities, times to extinction, basic reproduction number and growth rates for tsetse (Glossina spp) populations as a function of temperature

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisha B. Are ◽  
John W. Hargrove
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Extinction Probability ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Escape Extinction ◽  
Tsetse Population ◽  
Time To Extinction ◽  
Extinction Probabilities ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIncreases in temperature over recent decades have led to a significant reduction in the populations of tsetse flies (Glossina spp) in parts of the Zambezi Valley of Zimbabwe. If this is true for other parts of Africa, populations of tsetse may actually be going extinct in some parts of the continent. Extinction probabilities for tsetse populations have not so far been estimated as a function of temperature. We develop a time-homogeneous branching process model for situations where tsetse flies live at different levels of fixed temperatures. We derive a probability distribution pk(T) for the number of female offspring an adult female tsetse is expected to produce in her lifetime, as a function of the fixed temperature at which she is living. We show that pk(T) can be expressed as a geometric series: its generating function is therefore a fractional linear type. We obtain expressions for the extinction probability, expected number of female offspring per female tsetse, and time to extinction. No tsetse population can escape extinction if subjected, for extended periods, to temperatures outside the range 16 °C - 32°C. Extinction probability increases more rapidly as temperatures approach and exceed the upper and lower limits. If the number of females is large enough, the population can still survive even at high temperatures (28°C - 31°C). Small decreases or increases in constant temperature in the neighbourhoods of 16°C and 31°C, respectively, can drive tsetse populations to extinction. Further study is needed to estimate extinction probabilities for tsetse populations in field situations where temperatures vary continuously.Author summaryTsetse flies (Glossina spp) are the vectors of the African sleeping sickness. We derived an expression for the extinction probability, and mean time to extinction, of closed populations of the flies experiencing different levels of fixed temperatures. Temperatures play a key role in tsetse population dynamics: no tsetse populations can escape extinction at constant temperatures < 16°C > 32°C. The effect of temperature is more severe if tsetse populations are already depleted. Increasingly high temperatures due to climate change may alter the distribution of tsetse populations in Africa. The continent may witness local extinctions of tsetse populations in some places, and appearances in places hitherto too cold for them.

Escape Extinction

2013 ◽  
pp. 1160-1160
Author(s):  
Tony Charman ◽  
Susan Hepburn ◽  
Moira Lewis ◽  
Moira Lewis ◽  
Amanda Steiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escape Extinction

scholarly journals Task as Reinforcer: a Reactive Alternative to Traditional Forms of Escape Extinction

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Ward ◽  
Amanda Parker ◽  
Angelina Perdikaris
Keyword(s):  
Escape Extinction

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF TWO DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT PROCEDURES WITH ESCAPE EXTINCTION TO TREAT FOOD REFUSAL

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meeta R. Patel ◽  
Cathleen C. Piazza ◽  
Cheryl J. Martinez ◽  
Valerie M. Volkert ◽  
Christine M. Santana
Keyword(s):  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Food Refusal ◽  
Escape Extinction

scholarly journals SPOON DISTANCE FADING WITH AND WITHOUT ESCAPE EXTINCTION AS TREATMENT FOR FOOD REFUSAL

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi D. Rivas ◽  
Cathleen C. Piazza ◽  
Meeta R. Patel ◽  
Melanie H. Bachmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Food Refusal ◽  
Escape Extinction
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