Supplemental Material for Memory Deficits in Older Adults: Evaluating Spaced Retrieval With Multiple Probe Techniques

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Spaced Retrieval ◽  
Multiple Probe

scholarly journals Sense of Purpose in Life Promotes Resilience to Memory Deficits Related to Depressive Symptomatology

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 255-255
Author(s):  
Nathan Lewis ◽  
Patrick Hill
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Older Adulthood ◽  
Sense Of Purpose

Abstract Individuals higher in depressive symptoms commonly present with neuropsychological deficits including poorer memory performance. Sense of purpose in life, a component of psychological well-being, has been shown to promote resilience to cognitive impairment in older adulthood, but it is unclear whether it may also protect against cognitive deficits associated with higher depressive symptoms. This study examined whether purpose in life moderated the effect of depressive symptoms on cognitive functioning in a large longitudinal study of 4599 American older adults (Mage = 74.33 years, range = 65–104 years, 56.84% female) across a 12-year follow-up period. Depressive symptomatology was assessed at each wave using the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Multilevel models assessed the influence of depressive symptoms and the interaction with sense of purpose in life on changes in word recall and mental status. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with poorer recall at baseline, but not rate of change over time. A negative interaction was observed between sense of purpose in life and depressive symptoms such that individuals higher in purpose experienced a less negative impact of depressive symptoms on word recall. No significant interaction of sense of purpose and depressive symptoms was observed on mental status. Having a sense of purpose in life may help protect older adults from memory deficits associated with higher depressive symptoms. The present findings underscore the potential for sense of purpose to promote cognitive reserve in older adulthood, allowing individuals to maintain cognitive performance in the face of accruing neuropsychological challenges.

scholarly journals Visuospatial Temporal Order Memory Deficits in Older Adults with HIV Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Paul Woods ◽  
Calhuei Hoebel ◽  
Eva Pirogovsky ◽  
Alexandra Rooney ◽  
Marizela V. Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Temporal Order Memory

Strategies to Improve Name Learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Brédart
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Retrieval Practice ◽  
Electrical Brain Stimulation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Spaced Retrieval ◽  
Neuroscience Research

Abstract. The following points emerge from the present review of strategies to improve the learning of proper names: (a) Face-name mnemonic techniques based on mental imagery have been shown to be efficient in laboratory settings in both young and older adults. Unfortunately, they are particularly effortful and require capacity for imagination, making them difficult to apply in a real conversational context. (b) Strategies based on spaced retrieval practice have been found to be efficient both in laboratory and more ecological settings, and both in young and older adults. (c) Techniques based on spaced retrieval practice appear to be more efficient than those based on mental imagery. (d) More recent research has proposed new perspectives, such as basing learning strategies on implicit, rather than explicit, memory processes such as hyper-binding. Finally, neuroscience research has started to investigate the possibility of using non-invasive electrical brain stimulation to improve name learning.

Anosognosia for memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Stewart ◽  
William J. McGeown ◽  
Michael F. Shanks ◽  
Annalena Venneri
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Discrepancy Scores

Stewart G, McGeown WJ, Shanks MF, Venneri A. Anosognosia for memory impairment in Alzheimer's disease.ObjectiveTo investigate whether patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were able to alter their awareness of memory deficits after exposure to a memory task.Methods:Thirty normal older adults and 23 mild AD patients participated in the study. Anosognosia was assessed using discrepancies between self- and informant-evaluations of cognitive and functional performance. Participants estimated their performance on the Verbal Paired Associates task at different points in time (before, immediately after the task and after a 1-h delay).Results:AD patients were generally less able to judge their memory abilities than healthy older adults, and tended to overestimate their task performance beforehand. Their prediction accuracy increased immediately after the task, but after a 1-h delay, they again misjudged their abilities at pretesting accuracy levels. Self-carer discrepancy scores of awareness of deficits in memory and other areas correlated significantly with memory tests but not with other neuropsychological tasks in the assessment, and larger discrepancy scores were associated with poorer performance.Conclusion:AD patients can monitor their task performance online, but are unable to maintain awareness of their deficits over time. Loss of awareness of memory deficits (or of any other deficits) in early stage AD may indicate damage to a system which updates a personal knowledge base with recent information. Failure to retain this information impedes abstraction from episodic to semantic memory.

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