A matching law analysis of risk tolerance and gain–loss framing in football play selection.

Episodic memory relies on discriminating among similar elements of episodes. Mnemonic discrimination is relatively poor at age 4, and then improves markedly. We investigated whether motivation to encode items with fine grain resolution would change this picture of development, using an engaging computer-administered memory task in which a bird ate items that made the bird healthier (gain frame), sicker (loss frame), or led to no change (control condition). Using gain-loss framing led to enhanced mnemonic discrimination in 4- and 5-year-olds, but did not affect older children or adults. Despite this differential improvement, age-related differences persisted. An additional finding was that loss framing led to greater mnemonic discrimination than gain framing across age groups. Motivation only partially accounts for development in mnemonic discrimination.

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Gain-loss framing effects in dilemmas of trust and reciprocity

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology ◽

10.1016/j.jesp.2017.06.012 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 73 ◽

pp. 151-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anthony M. Evans ◽

Ilja van Beest

Keyword(s):

Framing Effects ◽

Trust And Reciprocity ◽

Gain Loss ◽

Loss Framing ◽

Gain Loss Framing

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Can Emotions Capture the Elusive Gain-Loss Framing Effect? A Meta-Analysis

Communication Research ◽

10.1177/0093650219861256 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 1107-1130 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robin L. Nabi ◽

Nathan Walter ◽

Neekaan Oshidary ◽

Camille G. Endacott ◽

Jessica Love-Nichols ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotions ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Negative Emotions ◽

Future Research ◽

Message Frame ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Gain And Loss ◽

Gain Loss ◽

Loss Framing ◽

Gain Loss Framing

Although recent streams of research have suggested that emotions play a key role in generating framing effects, little is known about the affective dimension of gain and loss framing and its potential impact on persuasion. The current study adopted a meta-analytical approach, synthesizing over 30 years of literature ( k = 25, N = 5,772), to investigate this issue. The results indicate that message frame type directs the emotional response elicited in the audience, with gain frames inducing positive emotions ( d = .31, p = .02) and loss frames inducing negative emotions ( d = .22, p = .001). In turn, the experience of positive emotions enhances the influence of gain frames ( b = .18, p = .045), whereas negative emotions augment the effects of loss frames ( b = −.70, p = .01). These findings confirm that emotional responses may offer a pathway through which gain- and loss-framed messages exert persuasive influence. The study integrates the results with the emotions-as-frames perspective and proposes several promising avenues for future research.

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Gain-loss framing in interdependent choice

Games and Economic Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.geb.2020.02.008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 232-251

Author(s):

Susann Fiedler ◽

Adrian Hillenbrand

Keyword(s):

Gain Loss ◽

Loss Framing ◽

Gain Loss Framing

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The Influence of Gain-Loss Framing and Its Interaction with Political Ideology on Social Distancing and Mask Wearing Compliance During the COVID-19 Pandemic

10.31234/osf.io/4wc5d ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jordan Steffen ◽

Jiuqing Cheng

Keyword(s):

Political Ideology ◽

Message Framing ◽

Risk Attitude ◽

The United States ◽

Individual Characteristics ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Preventative Measures ◽

Gain Loss ◽

Loss Framing ◽

Gain Loss Framing

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of cases and over half a million deaths in the United States. While health experts urge citizens to adopt preventative measures such as social distancing and wearing a mask, these recommended behaviors are not always followed by the public. To find a way to promote preventative measures, the present study examined the role of gain-loss framing of COVID-19 related messages on social distancing and mask wearing compliance. Moreover, the study also tested potential moderating effects on framing with three individual characteristics: political ideology, subjective numeracy, and risk attitude. A sample of 375 U.S. adult residents were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Each participant read either a gain or loss-framed message related to practicing protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants also completed scales of preventative behaviors, risk attitude, subjective numeracy, political ideology, and other demographic variables. It was found that those who were more liberal, risk-averse and had greater subjective numeracy were more likely to wear a mask and/or follow social distancing. Furthermore, in the presence of demographic and psychological factors, the study found participants in the loss-framed condition than in the gain-framed condition were more likely to adopt both preventative measures, supporting the notion of loss aversion. Additionally, the framing effect was also moderated by political ideology on mask-wearing, with the effect being stronger in liberals than in conservatives. Collectively, the study implies message framing may be a useful means to promote preventative measures in the current pandemic.

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