The (in)congruence effect of leaders’ narcissism identity and reputation on performance: A socioanalytic multistakeholder perspective.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy B. Bernerth ◽  
Min Z. Carter ◽  
Michael S. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Congruence Effect

scholarly journals Preprint of "Response Surface Analysis in Personality and Social Psychology: Checklist and Clarifications for the Case of Congruence Hypotheses"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Humberg ◽  
Steffen Nestler ◽  
Mitja Back
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Response Surface Analysis ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Congruence Effect ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Psychological Constructs

Response Surface Analysis (RSA) enables researchers to test complex psychological effects, for example, whether the congruence of two psychological constructs is associated with higher values in an outcome variable. RSA is increasingly applied in the personality and social psychological literature, but the validity of published results has been challenged by some persistent oversimplifications and misconceptions. Here, we describe the mathematical fundamentals required to interpret RSA results, and we provide a checklist for correctly identifying congruence effects. We clarify two prominent fallacies by showing that the test of a single RSA parameter cannot indicate a congruence effect, and when there is a congruence effect, RSA cannot indicate whether a predictor mismatch in one direction (e.g., overestimation of one’s intelligence) is better or worse than a mismatch in the other direction (underestimation). We hope that this contribution will further enhance the validity and strength of empirical studies that apply this powerful approach.Humberg, S., Nestler, S., & Back, M. D. (2019). Response Surface Analysis in Personality and Social Psychology: Checklist and Clarifications for the Case of Congruence Hypotheses. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 10(3), 409–419. doi:10.1177/1948550618757600The journal version of this article can be found at: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1948550618757600

scholarly journals The Relationship between Knowledge Characteristics’ Fit and Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Andrés Bayona ◽  
Amparo Caballer ◽  
José María Peiró
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Congruence Effect ◽  
Job Complexity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Knowledge workers are highly valued by organizations, but there is a lack of evidence about the role of work engagement in the satisfaction and performance of these workers. Harmonization and Person–Job Fit theory state that workers who have similar characteristics to those present in the context (i.e., give similar importance to the characteristics present in the context) perform better. The aim of this paper is twofold: to test the congruence effect between five knowledge characteristics and their rated influence on job satisfaction and job performance; and test the mediational role of work engagement between the knowledge characteristics’ fit and job performance. Using a time-lagged design, 531 Colombian employees from 20 economic sectors answered questionnaires about work engagement (i.e., UWES-9), knowledge characteristics (i.e., WDQ), importance given to knowledge characteristics, job satisfaction, and job performance. Using polynomial regression, surface response methodology, and ordinary least squares path analyses, we found a congruence effect of the relationship between knowledge characteristics and their levels of importance on job performance in four out of five comparisons (i.e., job complexity, information processing, problem solving, and specialization). In addition, we found that knowledge characteristics’ fit indirectly influenced job satisfaction and performance through its effect on work engagement.

Leadership, organizational culture, and innovative behavior in construction projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwei Zheng ◽  
Guangdong Wu ◽  
Hongtao Xie ◽  
Hongyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Value Congruence ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Congruence Effect ◽  
Innovative Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovative Behaviors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the joint congruence effect of leadership styles and organizational culture on project members’ innovative behaviors in the construction projects setting. Design/methodology/approach The proposed hypotheses are tested using polynomial regression with a sample of 217 project managers and employees of different construction projects in China, and plotted through response surface analysis. Findings The results of polynomial regressions support the congruence effect hypothesis, indicating that more innovative behaviors of the project members could be elicited by a high level of congruence between transformational or transactional leadership styles and organizational culture. Furthermore, asymmetrical incongruence effects are found wherein project members with lower levels of innovative behaviors when project organizational culture is stronger as compared with when two leadership styles are at higher levels. Specifically, the condition is found under the innovation dimension of organization culture, but higher level of innovative behavior conversely displays when the harmony culture is weaker than two leadership styles. Research limitations/implications The conceptual model and hypotheses are examined by analyzing cross-sectional and self-reported data collected in China. The findings could be further examined through multi-source or longitudinal, more systematic research. Practical implications The findings highlight the pivotal role played by the value congruence of leaders-organizations in motivating employees to be innovative in project organizations. This paper provides knowledge for project managers to help them understand whether and how project members’ innovative behaviors are better motivated by the fit or misfit between the styles of leadership and project organizational cultures. Besides, this study provides the approach or direction for the project leaders training. Originality/value This study is one of the first to examine the joint effects of leadership styles and organizational culture on innovative behavior based on the person-organization fit theory and from the perspective of value congruence.

scholarly journals Evidence of Parallel Processing During Translation

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Winther Balling ◽  
Kristian Tangsgaard Hvelplund ◽  
Annette C. Sjørup
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Second Language Reading ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Congruence Effect ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Sequential Processing ◽  
Bilingual Reading ◽  
Text Reading

Three eye tracking experiments test the hypothesis that translation involves parallel rather than sequential processing of the source and target texts. In Experiment 1, a group of professional translators translated texts from their native language Danish into English. The texts included both segments where the order of verb and subject was congruent between source and target text and segments that were non-congruent. Translators gazed significantly longer at the non-congruent segments of the source text, indicating that the structure of the target text is anticipated during source text reading. Two follow-up experiments on first and second language reading demonstrate that this congruence effect in translation is not the result of the non-congruent Danish segments being inherently more difficult than the congruent ones and that the effect is not a general effect in bilingual reading. We conclude that translation is a parallel process and that literal translation is likely to be a universal initial default strategy in translation. This conclusion is strengthened by the fact that all three experiments were relatively naturalistic, due to the combination of remote eye tracking and mixed-effects regression modeling.

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