Can becoming a leader change your personality? An investigation with two longitudinal studies from a role-based perspective.

Can Becoming a Leader Change Your Personality? An Investigation with Two Longitudinal Studies

Academy of Management Proceedings ◽

10.5465/ambpp.2020.14570abstract ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

pp. 14570

Author(s):

Wen-Dong Li ◽

Shuping Li ◽

Jie Feng ◽

Hong Zhang

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Leader Change

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Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000451 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel J. Povinelli ◽

Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽

Shannon L. Kuznar ◽

Mateja Pavlic

Keyword(s):

Temporal Reasoning ◽

Higher Order ◽

Important Case ◽

Human Cognition ◽

Relational Reasoning ◽

Dual Systems ◽

First Order ◽

Reasoning System ◽

Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

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FIT – Do Something Different

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024/1421-0185/a000035 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 25-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ben (C) Fletcher ◽

Jill Hanson ◽

Nadine Page ◽

Karen Pine

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Behavioral Intervention ◽

Behavioral Flexibility ◽

Calorie Intake ◽

Life Skill ◽

Behavioral Repertoire ◽

Additional Weight

Two 3-month longitudinal studies examined weight loss following a 1-month behavioral intervention (FIT-DSD) focusing on increasing participants’ behavioral flexibility and breaking daily habits. The goal was to break the distal habits hypothesized as playing a role in unhealthy dietary and activity behaviors. The FIT-DSD intervention required participants to do something different each day and to engage in novel weekly activities to expand their behavioral repertoire. These activities were not food- or exercise-related. In Study 1, the FIT-DSD program was compared with a control condition where participants engaged in daily tasks not expected to influence behavioral flexibility. Study 2 used an active or quasicontrol group in which half the participants were also on food diets. Measures in both studies were taken pre-, post-, and post-postintervention. In Study 1, FIT-DSD participants showed greater weight loss that continued post-postintervention. In Study 2, all participants on the FIT-DSD program lost weight, weight loss continued post-postintervention, and participants who were also dieting lost no additional weight. A dose relationship was observed between increases in behavioral flexibility scores and weight loss, and this relationship was mediated by calorie intake. Corresponding reductions in BMI were also present. Increasing behavioral flexibility may be an effective approach for tackling obesity and also provides affective and potential life-skill benefits.

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