scholarly journals Predictors of creativity in young people: Using frequentist and Bayesian approaches in estimating the importance of individual and contextual factors.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Asquith ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Daniel S. Quintana ◽  
Anna Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Bayesian Approaches

scholarly journals Predictors of Creativity in Young People: Using Frequentist and Bayesian Approaches in Estimating the Importance of Individual and Contextual Factors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Asquith ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Daniel S Quintana ◽  
Anna Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Bayesian Approaches ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Creative Ideation ◽  
The Impact

The development of creativity in young children has been studied extensively, but relatively few studies have examined the period of adolescence and emerging adulthood in relation to creative potential. The present study employs a combination of frequentist and Bayesian analyses to evaluate the impact of individual factors (e.g., IQ) and contextual factors (e.g., pursuit of creative hobbies) on creative ideation in three cohorts of young people aged 14-20 years. Measures of divergent thinking, specifically the Alternate Uses Task (AUT) and the Overcoming Knowledge Constraints Task, were used to this end. Openness to aesthetic and imaginative experience was the strongest predictor of creative potential for the three AUT measures. Moreover, Bayesian hypothesis testing revealed that the best predictive model for AUT ideational fluency and AUT overall originality was one that included only Openness, whereas the best predictive model for AUT peak originality, or the propensity to generate highly original responses, included Openness, as well as IQ and Engagement in Creative Hobbies. No group differences in creative potential were found between the three age cohorts (aged 14-15, 16-17, and 18-20). The study not only confirms the importance of openness to aesthetic and imaginative experience as a predictor of creative potential in adolescents and young adults, but also indicates the necessity to consider the combined and differentiated impact of individual and contextual factors in different facets of creative ideation.

scholarly journals Children and young people’s experiences and perceptions of self-management of type 1 diabetes: A qualitative meta-synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205510291987710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella Tuohy ◽  
Caroline Rawdon ◽  
Pamela Gallagher ◽  
Michele Glacken ◽  
Nuala Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Young People ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Thematic Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Approach

The aim of this review was to conduct a meta-synthesis of the experiences and perceptions of self-management of type 1 diabetes of children and young people living with type 1 diabetes (CYPDs). Six databases were systematically searched for studies with qualitative findings relevant to CYPDs’ (aged 8–18 years) experiences of self-management. A thematic synthesis approach was used to combine articles and identify analytical themes. Forty articles met the inclusion criteria. Two analytical themes important to CYPDs’ experiences and perceptions of self-management were identified: (1) negotiating independence and (2) feeling in control. The synthesis contributes to knowledge on contextual factors underpinning self-management and what facilitates or impedes transition towards autonomous self-management for CYPDs.

scholarly journals Public health nutrition in the civil service (England): approaches to tackling obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-366
Author(s):  
J. R. Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Health It ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
Collaborative Development ◽  
Lifestyle Choices

The seriousness and scale of the physical, psychological, economic and societal consequences relating to poor diets, inactivity and obesity is unprecedented. Consequently, the contextual factors underpinning the work of a nutritionist in the civil service are complex and significant; however, there are real opportunities to make a difference and help improve the health of the nation. The present paper describes the delivery of public health nutrition through two work programmes, namely action to support young people develop healthier lifestyle choices and more recently the investigation and deployment of local insights to develop action to tackle obesity. Combining the application of nutrition expertise along with broader skills and approaches has enabled the translation of research and evidence into programmes of work to better the public's health. It is evident that the appropriate evaluation of such approaches has helped to deliver engaging and practical learning opportunities for young people. Furthermore, efforts to build on local intelligence and seek collaborative development can help inform the evidence base and seek to deliver public health approaches, which resonate with how people live their lives.

Patterns of romantic involvement among emerging adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shmuel Shulman ◽  
Miri Scharf ◽  
Yaara Livne ◽  
Tamuz Barr
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Relational Patterns ◽  
Romantic Involvement ◽  
Quality Of Relationships ◽  
Different Levels

The present study examined patterns of romantic involvement in 100 Israeli emerging adults (54 males) who were followed from age 22 to 29 years. Analyses of interviews at age 29 yielded four distinctive relational patterns that are associated with different levels of concurrent wellbeing: Intimately committed, Intimate, Non- intimately committed, and Non-stable. Low efficacy, immature dependency and low parental support, measured 7 years earlier, predicted less optimal romantic relational patterns—non-stable or non-intimately committed. Continued pursuit of studies predicted a delay in entering a committed relationship, despite the capability for such a relationship. Findings of the study suggest that personality and family attributes explain the type and quality of relationships in which young people will be involved, while contextual factors only explain postponement of commitment.

scholarly journals Attitudes, Subjective Norms, and Perceived Control Versus Contextual Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students From Poland

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Urszula Kobylińska
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The article analyses the influence of personal and contextual variables on entrepreneurial intentions of students from Poland. The article presents a structural model that has been developed from a set of student perceptions. Chosen variables included in the model allows explaining and managing the formation of the intention in the context of higher education. This study provides answers to the following questions: What role and which personal variables do play importance in the formation of entrepreneurship intention in the case of young people? Which and how contextual variables are important to enhance personal variables for entrepreneurial intentions? Methodology: The research was carried out by using critical literature analysis as well as statistical research. In carrying out this work, a causal quantitative methodology (structural equation modeling) was applied using the Amos program. Factor analysis has also been used in a descriptive methodological context. The empirical research was conducted in first quarter of 2020. Findings: Research conducted on a sample of over 330 Polish students has shown that not all personal factors are statistically significant in assessing the entrepreneurial intentions of young people. As the results show, subjective norms do not play a significant role in the intention to take up self-employment. External (contextual) factors related to the broadly understood environment supporting the future entrepreneur play an important role, but much less clear than the factors at the individual level and generally indirectly influence entrepreneurial intentions, strengthening the entrepreneur's personal factors. Practical Implications: The results suppose a theoretical and practical contribution to the promotion of entrepreneur intentions of university students inside and outside the educational context. Entrepreneurship promotion programmes run by universities must focus on developing the attitude of the potential entrepreneurs, conveying the message that, despite all the obstacles that exist when launching a business, the entrepreneurship route can be an interesting alternative. Originality/Value: In the study, the personal and contextual factors influencing the entrepreneurial intentions of students were taken into account. The causal model generated on a sample of 332 Polish respondents shows the importance of individual factors on entrepreneurial intentions and the impact of contextual constructs on personal factors. Contextual variables (i.e. education, public policy, supporting entrepreneurial environments) were found to have a positive impact on personal variables as well as entrepreneurial intentions.

Contextual factors and wellbeing outcomes: Ethnographic analysis of an artist-led group songwriting program with young people

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicity A. Baker ◽  
Neryl Jeanneret ◽  
Anna Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Video Footage ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Ethnographic Analysis

Group-based therapeutic songwriting has been applied to enhance the wellbeing of young people. Artist-led songwriting experiences have potential to enhance wellbeing of young people but this has not yet been fully explored. Understanding how this activity impacts wellbeing can advance practice. This study offers a music therapy perspective on artist-led group songwriting, highlighting contextual factors that impacted wellbeing outcomes. A two-day artist-led songwriting program with 85 young people was observed. Video footage, ethnographic field notes and artefacts were thematically analysed and produced themes relating to contextual factors and wellbeing outcomes. Three overarching themes resulted: young people feel safe; young people have fun; young people push beyond boundaries. Contextual factors (sub-themes) included direct and honest feedback, high-energy rituals and emphasis on artistic excellence. Insights into circumstances permitting wellbeing outcomes for young people were obtained. Contextual factors helped shape the songwriting environment by promoting fun, safety and pushing boundaries. This environment enabled young people to engage in the program and benefit from its wellbeing-focused activities. Findings can inform music therapy and other professions using group songwriting with young people to foster wellbeing.

Moving beyond discourses of agency, gain and blame: reconceptualising young people’s experiences of sexual exploitation

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Helen Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Structuration Theory ◽  
Child Sexual Exploitation ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter explores the relationship between victimhood and agency, and the unhelpful binary ways in which it has often been conceptualised within child sexual exploitation (CSE) discourse and practice to date. It observes how adherence to dichotomous conceptualisations of those experiencing CSE, and associated narrow understandings of CSE victimhood, have served to diminish our responses to particular populations and particular manifestations of harm; namely those typified by any degree of observable agency on the part of the child. Here, reframing young people's experiences of CSE through the lens of structuration theory offers a much-needed way to move us beyond the observable simplistic binary conceptualisations of victimhood versus agency. It helps us to better understand and respond to the widely variable and complex dynamics and contexts of CSE. Specifically, reconceptualising young people as ‘reflexive agents’ operating within a ‘structure of constraint’ offers us a means of concurrently recognising the range of biographical and contextual factors at play in any given situation, and allows us to move beyond exclusionary ‘idealised’ victim-based patterns of identification and response.

Coercive control and technology-facilitated parental stalking in children’s and young people’s lives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Nikupeteri ◽  
Merja Laitinen ◽  
Emma Katz
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Young People ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Parental Separation ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
District Courts ◽  
Coercive Control ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Father Figures ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Knowledge of technology-facilitated abuse and stalking has increased in recent decades, but research on how children and young people are exposed to these behaviours by their parent is still lacking. This article examines how technology-facilitated parental stalking manifests in children’s and young people’s everyday lives in contexts where parents have separated and fathers/father-figures have stalked mothers as part of post-separation coercive control. The article analyses materials from 131 stalking cases dealt with by district courts in Finland from 2014 to 2017 in cases that involved a relationship (dating, cohabitation or marriage), separation/divorce, and one or more children. Analysis of these court decisions identified that children and young people were exposed to three manifestations of technology-facilitated parental stalking: (1) Threats of violence and death; (2) Intrusive and obsessive fatherhood; and (3) Disparaging and insulting motherhood/womanhood. These findings underline the following contextual factors that are important for professionals to consider in identifying and helping children and young people exposed to parental stalking: technology enabling constant coercive and controlling abuse, technology in maintaining abusive parenthood, and technology in magnifying gendered tactics of abuse. The article argues that children’s exposure to and vulnerability to technology-facilitated parental stalking must be more widely recognised.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Children in cases of technology-facilitated parental stalking should be seen as victims/survivors in their own right.</li><br /><li>The potential for technology-facilitated parental stalking and abuse against children and mothers should be considered in all cases of previous domestic violence/coercive control and parental separation.</li></ul>

Developing theory-based risk-reduction interventions for HIV-positive young people with haemophilia

Haemophilia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Schultz ◽  
R. B. Butler ◽  
L. Mckernan ◽  
R. Boelsen ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Hiv Positive
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