scholarly journals Development of early handwriting: Visual-motor control during letter copying.

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Maldarelli ◽  
Björn A. Kahrs ◽  
Sarah C. Hunt ◽  
Jeffrey J. Lockman
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Visual Motor

Psychophysiological Markers of Performance and Learning during Simulated Marksmanship in Immersive Virtual Reality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sicong Liu ◽  
Jillian M. Clements ◽  
Elayna P. Kirsch ◽  
Hrishikesh M. Rao ◽  
David J. Zielinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms ◽  
Visual Evoked

Abstract The fusion of immersive virtual reality, kinematic movement tracking, and EEG offers a powerful test bed for naturalistic neuroscience research. Here, we combined these elements to investigate the neuro-behavioral mechanisms underlying precision visual–motor control as 20 participants completed a three-visit, visual–motor, coincidence-anticipation task, modeled after Olympic Trap Shooting and performed in immersive and interactive virtual reality. Analyses of the kinematic metrics demonstrated learning of more efficient movements with significantly faster hand RTs, earlier trigger response times, and higher spatial precision, leading to an average of 13% improvement in shot scores across the visits. As revealed through spectral and time-locked analyses of the EEG beta band (13–30 Hz), power measured prior to target launch and visual-evoked potential amplitudes measured immediately after the target launch correlate with subsequent reactive kinematic performance in the shooting task. Moreover, both launch-locked and shot/feedback-locked visual-evoked potentials became earlier and more negative with practice, pointing to neural mechanisms that may contribute to the development of visual–motor proficiency. Collectively, these findings illustrate EEG and kinematic biomarkers of precision motor control and changes in the neurophysiological substrates that may underlie motor learning.

Learning Disabled Students in Physical Education

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Sherrill ◽  
Jean L. Pyfer
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
Fine Motor Coordination ◽  
Visual Motor

Many learning disabled students demonstrate psychological/behavioral and perceptual motor characteristics that affect physical education placement and programming. Among the characteristics exhibited by these students are hyperactivity, disorders of attention, impulsivity, poor self-concept, social imperception, delay in social play development, and deficiencies in body equilibrium, visual motor control, bilateral coordination, repetitive finger movements, and fine motor coordination. Activities found to benefit learning disabled students are jogging, relaxation, highly structured teacher-directed routines, and noncompetitive games, all of which must be carefully sequenced. Testing must be done to determine the type and extent of the learning disabled students’ problems, and activities must be selected on the basis of the results of such tests.

Individual Differences in Visual, Motor and Cognitive Performances: Correlations with a Simulated Shuttle Landing Task

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 589-593
Author(s):  
Robert S. Kennedy ◽  
Norman E. Lane ◽  
Janet J. Turnage ◽  
Deborah L. Harm
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
Visual Motor

Numerous physiological changes which occur during and following space flight are well-documented. It seems likely that the frequency and severity of these physiological changes would be accompanied by changes in cognition, sensory system integrity, skilled motor control, and complex decision making. However, changes in performance in these areas are not well documented nor understood. Documenting the extent and nature of such potential performance decrements, to the extent that they occur, becomes increasingly important as NASA prepares for longer duration missions on space station and contemplates more complex missions in future exploration of space. We explored the application of a methodology we are developing called surrogate testing. The method requires the linkage of complex real world tasks to more elemental tasks. This report shows, as first steps, predictive validities of such tests for a simulated shuttle landing and provides a series of surrogate scores which can be used to evaluate stresses and drug effects.

scholarly journals Visual-Motor Control of Drop Landing After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin R. Grooms ◽  
Ajit Chaudhari ◽  
Stephen J. Page ◽  
Deborah S. Nichols-Larsen ◽  
James A. Onate
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Context:  Visual feedback is crucial in the control of human movement. When vision is obstructed, alterations in landing neuromuscular control may increase movements that place individuals at risk for injury. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury may further alter the motor-control response to alterations in visual feedback. The development of stroboscopic glasses that disrupt visual feedback without fully obscuring it has enabled researchers to assess visual-motor control during movements that simulate the dynamic demands of athletic activity. Objective:  To investigate the effect of stroboscopic visual-feedback disruption (SVFD) on drop vertical-jump landing mechanics and to determine whether injury history influenced the effect. Design:  Cohort study. Setting:  Movement-analysis laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:  A total of 15 participants with ACL reconstruction (ACLR; 7 men, 8 women; age = 21.41 ± 2.60 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.09 m, mass = 69.24 ± 15.24 kg, Tegner Activity Scale score = 7.30 ± 1.30, time since surgery = 36.18 ± 26.50 months, hamstrings grafts = 13, patellar tendon grafts = 2) and 15 matched healthy control participants (7 men, 8 women; age = 23.15 ± 3.48 years, height = 1.73 ± 0.09 m, mass = 69.98 ± 14.83 kg, Tegner Activity Scale score = 6.77 ± 1.48). Intervention(s):  Drop vertical-jump landings under normal and SVFD conditions. Main Outcome Measure(s):  The SVFD effect for knee sagittal- and frontal-plane excursions, peak moments, and vertical ground reaction force were calculated during landing and compared with previously established measurement error and between groups. Results:  The SVFD altered knee sagittal-plane excursion (4.04° ± 2.20°, P = .048) and frontal-plane excursion (1.98° ± 1.53°, P = .001) during landing above within-session measurement error. Joint-moment difference scores from full vision to the SVFD condition were not greater than within-session error. We observed an effect of ACLR history only for knee flexion (ACLR group = 3.12° ± 3.76°, control group = −0.84° ± 4.45°; P = .001). We did not observe an effect of side or sex. Conclusions:  The SVFD altered sagittal- and frontal-plane landing knee kinematics but did not alter moments. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may induce alterations in sagittal-plane visual-motor control of the knee. The group SVFD effect was on a level similar to that of an in-flight perturbation, motor-learning intervention, or plyometric-training program, indicating that visual-motor ability may contribute to knee neuromuscular control on a clinically important level. The individual effects of the SVFD indicated possible unique sensorimotor versus visual-motor movement strategies during landing.

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