No correlation, no evidence for attention shift in category learning: Different mechanisms behind illusory correlations and the inverse base-rate effect.

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian L. Kutzner ◽  
Klaus Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Category Learning ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
Attention Shift ◽  
Illusory Correlations

Illusory Correlation and the Inverse Base Rate Effect: Different Underlying Mechanisms

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Kruschke ◽  
Jeffrey Sherman ◽  
Frederica Conrey ◽  
Steven Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Base Rate ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
Illusory Correlation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

scholarly journals Effects of outcome and trial frequency on the inverse base-rate effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary J. Don ◽  
Evan J. Livesey
Keyword(s):  
Base Rate ◽  
Rate Effect

scholarly journals Neural Correlates of the Inverse Base Rate Effect

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Inkster ◽  
Fraser Milton ◽  
Charlotte E R Edmunds ◽  
Abdelmalek Benattayallah ◽  
Andy Wills
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
Rate Effect ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Stimulus Compound ◽  
Predictive Learning ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
The Difference

The Inverse Base Rate effect (IBRE; Medin & Edelson, 1988) is a non-rational behavioral phenomenon in predictive learning. Canonically, participants learn that the AB stimulus compound leads to one outcome and that AC leads to another outcome, with AB being presented three times as often as AC. When subsequently presented with BC, the outcome associated with AC is selected preferentially, in opposition to the underlying base rates of the outcomes. While many potential explanations of the effect exist, an error-driven learning account (Kruschke, 2001b) is particularly influential. A key component of this account is prediction error, a concept previously linked to a number of brain areas including the anterior cingulate, the striatum and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The present study is the first fMRI study to directly examine the IBRE. Activations were noted in the brain areas linked to prediction error, including the caudate body, the anterior cingulate cortex and the middle frontal gyrus. Analysing the difference in activations for singular key stimuli (B and C), as well as frequency matched controls, supports the predictions made by the error-driven learning account.

Learned Shifts of Attention in Blocking and the Inverse Base Rate Effect

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
John K. Kruschke ◽  
Nathaniel J. Blair ◽  
Mark K. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Base Rate ◽  
Rate Effect
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