Inverse sex effects on performance of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in a repeated problem-solving task.

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Duranton ◽  
Heiko G. Rödel ◽  
Thierry Bedossa ◽  
Séverine Belkhir
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Problem Solving Task

Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) coordinate their actions in a problem-solving task

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Bräuer ◽  
Milena Bös ◽  
Josep Call ◽  
Michael Tomasello
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Problem Solving Task

Does training make you smarter? The effects of training on dogs’ performance (Canis familiaris) in a problem solving task

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Marshall-Pescini ◽  
Paola Valsecchi ◽  
Irena Petak ◽  
Pier Attilio Accorsi ◽  
Emanuela Prato Previde
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Problem Solving Task

The effect of preferential paw usage on dogs’ (Canis familiaris) performance in a manipulative problem-solving task

2013 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Marshall-Pescini ◽  
S. Barnard ◽  
N.J. Branson ◽  
P. Valsecchi
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Problem Solving Task

scholarly journals Female but not male dogs respond to a size constancy violation

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corsin A. Müller ◽  
Christina Mayer ◽  
Sebastian Dörrenberg ◽  
Ludwig Huber ◽  
Friederike Range
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Animal Cognition ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Object Permanence ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Size Constancy ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Sex Effects

Differences between sexes in cognitive processes are widespread in humans and permeate many, if not most, cognitive domains. In animal cognition research, however, possible sex differences are still often neglected. Here, we provide striking evidence for a sex-specific response in an object permanence task in domestic dogs ( Canis familiaris ). Female dogs responded with significantly increased looking times to a violation of expectancy—a ball ‘magically’ changing size while temporarily occluded. By contrast, male dogs, irrespective of their neuter status, did not respond to the size constancy violation. These results indicate that sex differences in basic cognitive processes may extend to mammals in general, and call for increased consideration of possible sex effects when analysing and interpreting data in animal cognition.

Scientific Problem Solving in a Virtual Laboratory: A Comparison Between Individuals and Pairs

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda A. Métrailler ◽  
Ester Reijnen ◽  
Cornelia Kneser ◽  
Klaus Opwis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Scientific Problem Solving ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Verbal Data ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Problem Solving Task

This study compared individuals with pairs in a scientific problem-solving task. Participants interacted with a virtual psychological laboratory called Virtue to reason about a visual search theory. To this end, they created hypotheses, designed experiments, and analyzed and interpreted the results of their experiments in order to discover which of five possible factors affected the visual search process. Before and after their interaction with Virtue, participants took a test measuring theoretical and methodological knowledge. In addition, process data reflecting participants’ experimental activities and verbal data were collected. The results showed a significant but equal increase in knowledge for both groups. We found differences between individuals and pairs in the evaluation of hypotheses in the process data, and in descriptive and explanatory statements in the verbal data. Interacting with Virtue helped all students improve their domain-specific and domain-general psychological knowledge.

Moving to Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Werner ◽  
M. Raab
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Problem Space ◽  
Arm Swing ◽  
String Problem ◽  
Problem Solving Process ◽  
Problem Solving Task ◽  
Bodily Movements

Embodied cognition theories suggest a link between bodily movements and cognitive functions. Given such a link, it is assumed that movement influences the two main stages of problem solving: creating a problem space and creating solutions. This study explores how specific the link between bodily movements and the problem-solving process is. Seventy-two participants were tested with variations of the two-string problem (Experiment 1) and the water-jar problem (Experiment 2), allowing for two possible solutions. In Experiment 1 participants were primed with arm-swing movements (swing group) and step movements on a chair (step group). In Experiment 2 participants sat in front of three jars with glass marbles and had to sort these marbles from the outer jars to the middle one (plus group) or vice versa (minus group). Results showed more swing-like solutions in the swing group and more step-like solutions in the step group, and more addition solutions in the plus group and more subtraction solutions in the minus group. This specificity of the connection between movement and problem-solving task will allow further experiments to investigate how bodily movements influence the stages of problem solving.

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