Supplemental Material for Meta-Analysis of Client Attachment to Therapist: Associations With Working Alliance and Client Pretherapy Attachment

Psychotherapy ◽  
2014 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgiana S. Tryon ◽  
Sasha M. Collins ◽  
Elizabeth Felleman

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Graßmann ◽  
Franziska Schölmerich ◽  
Carsten C Schermuly

A growing number of studies emphasize the working alliance between the client and the coach to be a key factor in coaching. Synthesizing 27 samples ( N = 3563 coaching processes), this meta-analysis sheds light on the relationship between working alliance and a broad range of coaching outcomes for clients. The meta-analytic results indicate a moderate and consistent overall relationship between a high-quality working alliance and coaching outcomes for clients ( r = .41, 95% CI [.34, .48], p < .001). Working alliance was positively related to all desirable coaching outcomes (range: r = .32 to .64), with the strongest relationship to affective and cognitive coaching outcomes. Moreover, working alliance was negatively related to unintended negative effects of coaching ( r = –.29). Results revealed no differences regarding the type of clients, coaches’ expertise, number of coaching sessions, and clients’ or coaches’ perspectives. Similar to other helping relationships like psychotherapy or mentoring, the results support the importance of a high-quality working alliance in coaching.


2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Hye Park ◽  
Gyuyoung Ha ◽  
Sujung Lee ◽  
Yu Young Lee ◽  
Sang Min Lee

Author(s):  
Christoph Flückiger ◽  
A. C. Del Re ◽  
Bruce E. Wampold ◽  
Adam O. Horvath

The alliance continues to be one of the most investigated variables related to success in psychotherapy. In this chapter, the authors define and illustrate the alliance (also conceptualized as therapeutic alliance or working alliance) and then present a meta-analysis of 295 independent studies that covered more than 30,000 patients for face-to-face psychotherapy as well as Internet-based psychotherapy. The relation of the alliance and treatment outcome was investigated using three-level meta-analysis with random-effects. The overall alliance–outcome association for face-to-face psychotherapy was r = .278 (equivalent of d = .579). The correlation for internet-based psychotherapy was approximately the same (r = .275, k = 23). These results confirm the robustness of the positive relation between the alliance and outcome. This relation remains consistent across assessor perspectives, alliance and outcome measures, treatment approaches, patient characteristics, and countries. The chapter concludes with research limitations, diversity considerations, and therapeutic practices.


2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha L. Bernecker ◽  
Kenneth N. Levy ◽  
William D. Ellison

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Norwood ◽  
Nima G. Moghaddam ◽  
Sam Malins ◽  
Rachel Sabin‐Farrell

2020 ◽  
pp. 106907272098503
Author(s):  
Francis Milot-Lapointe ◽  
Yann Le Corff ◽  
Nicole Arifoulline

This article reports on the results of the first meta-analysis of the association between working alliance and outcomes of individual career counseling. This random-effects meta-analysis included 18 published and unpublished studies that produced a weighted mean effect size of r = .42. This effect size was heterogeneous across studies. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for several types of outcomes: Career outcomes, mental health outcomes, and client-perceived quality of the intervention. Average effect sizes for the association between working alliance and types of outcomes were .28, .18 and .62, respectively. Moderator analyses indicated that the overall mean effect size ( r =.42) varied in a large proportion as a function of the type of outcomes and the time of assessment of working alliance (first session, mid or at termination of the counseling service). Our results confirm that working alliance is associated to career counseling effectiveness and suggest that career counselors should emphasize on the working alliance during the career counseling process. In conclusion, this article provides suggestions for practice in individual career counseling and avenues of research on working alliance in this context.


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