The impact of verbal working memory on number–space associations.

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 976-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Ginsburg ◽  
Jean-Philippe van Dijck ◽  
Paola Previtali ◽  
Wim Fias ◽  
Wim Gevers
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
The Impact

Dissociating the Impact of Auditory Access and Language Access in Deaf Children’s Cognitive Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-122
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Implicit Learning ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Language Access ◽  
The Impact

Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) children have been claimed to lag behind their hearing peers in various domains of cognitive development, especially in implicit learning, executive function, and working memory. Two major accounts of these deficits have been proposed: one based on a lack of auditory access, and one based on a lack of language access. This chapter reviews these theories in relation to the available evidence and concludes that there is little evidence of direct effects of diminished auditory access on cognitive development that could not also be explained by diminished language access. Specifically, reports of deficits in implicit learning are not broadly replicable. Some differences in executive function do stem from deafness itself but are not necessarily deficits. Where clinically relevant deficits in executive function are observed, they are inconsistent with the predictions of accounts based on auditory access, but consistent with accounts based on language access. Deaf–hearing differences on verbal working memory tasks may indicate problems with perception and/or language, rather than with working memory. Deaf–hearing differences on nonverbal tasks are more consistent with accounts based on language access, but much more study is needed in this area. The chapter concludes by considering the implications of these findings for psychological theory and for clinical/educational practice and by identifying high-priority targets for future research.

Fractionation of Verbal Memory Impairment in Schizophrenia and Schizophreniform Psychosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 732-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Wood ◽  
Aleks U. Tarnawski ◽  
Tina M. Proffitt ◽  
Warrick J. Brewer ◽  
Greg R. Savage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Associative Learning ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Story Recall ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: The characterization, aetiology, and course of verbal memory deficits in schizophrenia remain ill defined. The impact of antipsychotic medications is also unclear. The purpose of the present paper was to investigate verbal memory performance in established schizophrenia (SZ) and first-episode schizophreniform psychosis (FE). Method: Performances of 32 SZ and 33 FE patients were compared to those of 47 healthy volunteers on measures of verbal working memory, verbal associative learning and story recall. Results: Story recall deficits, but not deficits in working memory or paired associate learning, were demonstrated by both patient groups. Patients treated with typical neuroleptics had more impairment in associative learning with arbitrary word pairings than those treated with atypicals, regardless of patient group. Conclusions: The results are consistent with the notion that some neuropsychological impairment is present at the time of psychosis onset and that this impairment is non-progressive. However, deficits may be specific to subclasses of memory function.

scholarly journals Reorganization of Functional Networks in Verbal Working Memory Circuitry in Early Midlife: The Impact of Sex and Menopausal Status

2016 ◽  
pp. bhw127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily G. Jacobs ◽  
Blair Weiss ◽  
Nikos Makris ◽  
Sue Whitfield-Gabrieli ◽  
Stephen L. Buka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of verbal working memory on written translation: Empirical evidence and an initial model

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Initial Model ◽  
Translation Speed ◽  
Processing Function ◽  
The Impact

Working memory refers to a metaphorical mental workspace involved in the temporary storage and processing of information which has been considered a key construct in Cognitive Translation Studies. This study investigates whether verbal working memory in the translator’s first and/or second language is related to written translation speed and quality. Through three selection tests, 33 student translators in the second or third year of their Master’s in Translation and Interpreting at nine Chinese universities were selected to participate. In the first test, processing and storage capacities of verbal working memory in their first and second language were assessed separately by means of a dual-task paradigm implemented in the e-Prime software suite. In the second study, participants translated a technical text from their second language to their first language. Their behavioural data were collected with a keylogger and the quality of their translations was evaluated by four expert translators. The correlation analysis suggests that the processing function of verbal working memory in the second language does affect logged translation speed; and that the processing function of verbal working memory in the first language has an effect on translation quality. Furthermore, through regression analysis, an initial model was established, which shows the precise structure of the impact of bilingual working memory on written translation. These findings have significant implications for translation skills training. It appears that additional verbal working memory training for both first and second languages would enhance the students’ translation skills.

scholarly journals The impact of mild-to-severe hearing loss on the neural dynamics serving verbal working memory processing in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 102647
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Jacob A. Eastman ◽  
Michaela R. Frenzel ◽  
Timothy R. Joe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Neural Dynamics ◽  
Severe Hearing Loss ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Does Articulatory Rehearsal Help Immediate Serial Recall?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra S. Souza ◽  
Klaus Oberauer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Baseline Experiment ◽  
Rehearsal Condition

Articulatory rehearsal is assumed to benefit verbal working memory. Yet, there is no experimental evidence supporting a causal link between rehearsal and serial-order memory, which is one of the hallmarks of working memory functioning. Across four experiments, we tested the hypothesis that rehearsal improves working memory by asking participants to rehearse overtly and by instructing different rehearsal schedules. In Experiments 1a, 1b, and 2, we compared an instructed cumulative-rehearsal condition against a free-rehearsal condition. The instruction increased the prevalence of cumulative rehearsal, but recall performance remained unchanged or decreased compared to the free-rehearsal baseline. Experiment 2 also tested the impact of a fixed rehearsal instruction; this condition yielded substantial performance costs compared to the baseline. Experiment 3 tested whether rehearsals (according to an experimenter-controlled protocol) are beneficial compared to a matched articulatory suppression condition that blocked rehearsals of the memoranda. Again, rehearsing the memoranda yielded no benefit compared to articulatory suppression. In sum, our results are incompatible with the notion that rehearsal is beneficial to working memory.

scholarly journals Examining the Impact of Working Memory Training and Transcranial Direct-current Stimulation on Monitoring for Color Targets in Dynamic Visual Displays

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Muhl-Richardson ◽  
Hayward Godwin ◽  
Matt Garner ◽  
Julie Hadwin ◽  
Simon Paul Liversedge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Target Detection ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Memory Training ◽  
Visual Displays ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Dynamic Search ◽  
The Impact

Previous research has demonstrated that when monitoring dynamically changing visual displays for color targets, contingencies between targets and distractors facilitate predictive target detection, and elevated intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and lower verbal working memory capacity (WMC) are associated with a higher false alarm rate (see Muhl-Richardson et al., 2018). The present study examined whether search in this type of task improved following placebo-controlled adaptive dual n-back working memory (WM) training or transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. It also attempted to replicate previous findings but at a high level of target prevalence. The results demonstrate a new benefit to predictive target detection, which was associated with faster response times, and identify elevated IU and verbal WMC were as significant predictors of a higher hit rate. We provide an account of these effects in terms of response criterion and perceptual sensitivity. WM training and tDCS were found not to benefit performance on our dynamic search task (and a range other cognitive tasks), adding to a mixed literature on the efficacy of these techniques. The results nonetheless extend our understanding of dynamic search tasks and have implications for the selection of personnel in a variety of real-world scenarios.

Negative stimuli may improve visuospatial working memory

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1419-1423
Author(s):  
Kyle M. Wilson ◽  
Paul N. Russell ◽  
Neil R. de Joux ◽  
Megan J. Blakely ◽  
William S. Helton
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Negative Picture ◽  
Picture Stimuli ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Negative Stimuli

The impact of negative affect on working memory performance is unclear. Visuospatial and verbal working memory are critical in many settings, but may be impaired during exposure to negative stimuli. In Experiment 1, the impact of task-irrelevant negative picture stimuli on verbal compared to visuospatial working memory performance was investigated. Unexpectedly, visuospatial memory performance was superior for trials containing negative stimuli than trials with neutral stimuli. The impact of negative picture stimuli on visuospatial working memory was further examined in Experiment 2. Performance was again superior for negative stimuli relative to neutral stimuli. While much previous research has reported that negative affect is disruptive of visuospatial working memory, the improved performance found here is consistent with other research particularly where negative or arousing stimuli are thought to increase the pool of available processing resources or effort. Implications for contexts where working memory demands occur alongside distressing stimuli are discussed, as well as future research suggestions.

Do Children With Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) Have Difficulties With Interference Control, Visuospatial Working Memory, and Selective Attention? Developmental Patterns and the Role of Severity and Persistence of DLD

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 3036-3050
Author(s):  
Elma Blom ◽  
Tessel Boerma
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Search Tasks ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Many children with developmental language disorder (DLD) have weaknesses in executive functioning (EF), specifically in tasks testing interference control and working memory. It is unknown how EF develops in children with DLD, if EF abilities are related to DLD severity and persistence, and if EF weaknesses expand to selective attention. This study aimed to address these gaps. Method Data from 78 children with DLD and 39 typically developing (TD) children were collected at three times with 1-year intervals. At Time 1, the children were 5 or 6 years old. Flanker, Dot Matrix, and Sky Search tasks tested interference control, visuospatial working memory, and selective attention, respectively. DLD severity was based on children's language ability. DLD persistence was based on stability of the DLD diagnosis. Results Performance on all tasks improved in both groups. TD children outperformed children with DLD on interference control. No differences were found for visuospatial working memory and selective attention. An interference control gap between the DLD and TD groups emerged between Time 1 and Time 2. Severity and persistence of DLD were related to interference control and working memory; the impact on working memory was stronger. Selective attention was unrelated to DLD severity and persistence. Conclusions Age and DLD severity and persistence determine whether or not children with DLD show EF weaknesses. Interference control is most clearly impaired in children with DLD who are 6 years and older. Visuospatial working memory is impaired in children with severe and persistent DLD. Selective attention is spared.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document