Effort, anhedonia, and function in schizophrenia: Reduced effort allocation predicts amotivation and functional impairment.

Introduction: Tori are benign hamartoma-like bone excrescences, usually asymptomatic. Their removal should not be systematic. Observation: A 62-year-old patient showed bilateral tori only leaving a 1.5 mm space for the lingual frenulum path between them. The direct functional consequence was a frequent blockage of the salivary caruncles below the tori. Tori resection was performed under local anaesthesia. Surgical outcome was simple with conventional analgesic treatment and oral care. Comfort and function were immediately restored. Discussion: The originality of this case does not lie in the nature of the lesions but in the uncommon size of their hypertrophy, which caused a lingual functional impairment. We have not found a similar case described in the literature.

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Composition and function of rat kidneys after transient normothermic ischemia

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y68-115 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 739-743 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. Keeler

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Blood Supply ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Tissue Levels ◽

Ischemic Period ◽

Normal Composition ◽

And Function ◽

Rat Kidneys

A study has been made of the changes in composition and function of rat kidneys which had been subjected to transient normothermic ischemia. If the period of ischemia exceeded 1 h, potassium and magnesium were rapidly lost when the blood supply was reestablished. After 2 h of ischemia 30% of the tissue potassium and 39% of the magnesium were lost within 1 h of restoring the blood supply. After 2 days, tissue levels of cations and water rose to supranormal levels, reaching a maximum in 10 days. Restoration of normal composition required 4 to 6 weeks. Changes in composition were independent of organ hypertrophy and may have been related to tissue regeneration. Preventing the initial loss of potassium and magnesium did not significantly improve renal function or reduce mortality in the post-ischemic period. Most animals survived contralateral nephrectomy 4 days after 2 h unilateral ischemia but little improvement in function occurred until the 10th day. There was no evidence of function in the damaged kidney until contralateral nephrectomy was performed. The extent of the tissue electrolyte changes appeared to correlate with the functional impairment of the kidney.

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O7B.5 Trajectories of psychosocial working conditions as predictors of later life physical function

Occupational and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.1136/oem-2019-epi.171 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. A64.1-A64

Author(s):

Charlotta Nilsen ◽

Ross Andel ◽

Alexander Darin-Mattsson ◽

Ingemar Kåreholt

Keyword(s):

Physical Function ◽

Old Age ◽

Random Effects ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Growth Curve ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Later Life ◽

Growth Curve Models ◽

Psychosocial Working Conditions ◽

And Function

ObjectivesThe demographic shift towards an aging society has made it important to understand underlying life course trajectories of later life health and function. The aim was to investigate if psychosocial working conditions are associated with later life physical function.MethodTwo individually linked longitudinal Swedish surveys were used (n=803). A psychosocial job exposure matrix was used to measure psychosocial working conditions in the first occupation and at ages 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 - based on work history - and current occupation at baseline (1991). Physical function was measured in 2014. Random effects growth curve models were used to calculate within-person change. Random effects growth curve models were used to calculate intraindividual trajectories of working conditions, analyzed in relation to functional impairment with ordered logistic regression.ResultsHaving a more active job at baseline was associated with decreased odds of functional impairment in old age (OR 0.87, CI 0.76–0.99). Having a more high strain job at baseline was associated with increased odds of functional impairment in old age (OR 1.33, CI 1.04–1.70). Having a high starting point and upward trajectory of job strain throughout working life were associated with increased odds of functional impairment in old age (OR 3.16, CI 1.73–5.80).DiscussionPromoting a healthy workplace by reducing chronic stress and inducing intellectual stimulation, control, and personal growth, may not only improve the health of workers. It may also lower the cost of health and social care by improving health and function of the older population. Hence, investing in a healthy workplace should be seen as a double-win investment for society.

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S157. A MULTICENTER HARMONIZED DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING STUDY ON THE ASSOCIATION OF WHITE MATTER STRUCTURE AND CLINICAL FUNCTIONING

Schizophrenia Bulletin ◽

10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S95-S96

Author(s):

Johanna Seitz ◽

Suheyla Cetin Karayumak ◽

Joanne Wojcik ◽

Amanda Lyall ◽

James Levitt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Structure And Function ◽

Brain Atlas ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Diffusion Weighted Images ◽

Duration Of Illness ◽

And Function

Abstract Background The association of white matter (WM) abnormalities with clinical variables in schizophrenia (SCZ) is poorly understood. We investigated the clinical correlates of WM impairments using imaging data of 597 patients with SCZ and 490 healthy controls (HC). We focused on lifelong changes of WM (measured by Fractional Anisotropy [FA]) in SCZ and compared it to that of HC. We investigated how age, duration of illness, and medication influence WM trajectories, and examined how structural impairments are related to symptoms and cognition. Last, we tested for the role of sex in structure-function interactions. Methods Diffusion-weighted images and clinical measurements were collected as part of 13 independent studies, and data was harmonized across all sites. We registered images to the IIT Human Brain Atlas and averaged FA for forceps major, forceps minor, cingulum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and uncinate fasciculus. First, we modeled the FA age trajectory of each tract in HC and used it to regress out the effect of age in patients. The residuals in the FA values were utilized for further analyses. We conducted mediator regression analyses with FA as the dependent variable, sex as a covariate, and age and duration of illness as the independent variables. Next, patients were grouped based on Chlorpromazine equivalent dosage (CPZ) and CPZ group was added to the regression model. To examine the association between structure and function, a structural equation model (SEM) was used, with cognition as a mediator. Last, all analyses were repeated for males and females separately. Results Regression analyses revealed a significant influence of duration of illness on the forceps major (T=3.24, p<.001), forceps minor (T=3.40, p<.001), and SLF (T=3.83, p<.0001). When adding both age and duration of illness, duration of illness mediated the influence of age on FA. Adding CPZ to the model displayed a significant effect of medication on forceps major (T=3.93, p<.0001). For SEM, FA of all tracts was used to represent structural impairment, and symptom scores were used to reflect functional impairment. All data paths were calculated with an asymptotically distribution-free model. The overall model fit was acceptable (RMSEA =.09) with a medium-strong effect of structural impairment on functional impairment (standardized estimate=.44). When separating sexes, males showed a significant association of duration of illness and FA. Females displayed a stronger influence of structural impairment on functional impairment (standardized estimate: males = .29, females =.52), and cognition had an impact on this relationship for females only. Discussion The effect of duration of illness on specific WM tracts suggests a progressive, neurodegenerative pathology, which might contribute to the devastating effects of chronicity. Medication seems to have only a small, localized effect on corpus callosum WM integrity. However, since our analysis used cross-sectional CPZ measures, future studies should include measurements of lifetime dosage. The observed impact of WM abnormalities on function further highlights the importance of WM for SCZ pathology. The association of structure and function seems sex-specific. Men show a stronger effect of chronicity. For females, cognition mediates the effect of structure on function, suggesting the role of cognitive reserve. Our approach provides the first step towards evidence-based medicine, by demonstrating the apparent relationship between structural pathology and functional outcome and suggesting possible mediators of this relationship, including duration of illness, cognition, medication, and sex.

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The recreational therapist’s role in treating delirium

American Journal of Recreation Therapy ◽

10.5055/ajrt.2009.0006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 33-47

Author(s):

Suzanne Fitzsimmons, MS, GNP, ARNP ◽

Linda L. Buettner, PhD, CTRS, LRT

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Nursing Care ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Hospital Costs ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Routine Screening ◽

Assessment Techniques ◽

And Function

Delirium is a common syndrome in older adults especially for those in hospital and acute settings. Delirium is sometimes reversible; however, it is associated with increased mortality, increased hospital costs, and long-term cognitive and functional impairment. Fortunately if recognized early, it can be treated successfully without complications and declines in health and function. Delirium can also be prevented with identification of highrisk patients and the implementation of interventions. Because delirium may be underrecognized by physicians and nurses, routine screening for delirium should be part of comprehensive nursing care of older adults. Recognition of delirium is complicated as it may be difficult to differentiate delirium from dementia and depression. This article will review the risks, signs and symptoms, consequences, and assessment techniques for the detection of delirium in this population.

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Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100051062 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 210-211

Author(s):

M. Boublik ◽

W. Hellmann ◽

F. Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Binding Sites ◽

Ribosomal Proteins ◽

Fluorescent Dyes ◽

Protein Biosynthesis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Spatial Arrangement ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Complete Understanding ◽

And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

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The Effect of Oxidized Cholesterol on the Aorta of Rabbits- Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100054327 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 340-341

Author(s):

S. K. Pena ◽

C. B. Taylor ◽

J. Hill ◽

J. Safarik

Keyword(s):

Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽

Cholesterol Content ◽

Arterial Injury ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽

Oxidized Cholesterol ◽

Initial Event ◽

Membrane Structure And Function ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽

And Function

Introduction: Oxidized cholesterol derivatives have been demonstrated in various cell cultures to be very potent inhibitors of 3-hvdroxy-3- methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase which is a principle regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis in the cell. The cholesterol content in the cells exposed to oxidized cholesterol was found to be markedly decreased. In aortic smooth muscle cells, the potency of this effect was closely related to the cytotoxicity of each derivative. Furthermore, due to the similarity of their molecular structure to that of cholesterol, these oxidized cholesterol derivatives might insert themselves into the cell membrane, alter membrane structure and function and eventually cause cell death. Arterial injury has been shown to be the initial event of atherosclerosis.

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Ultrastructure of developing visual cortical synapses in the cat superior colliculus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100085083 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 156-157

Author(s):

Caroline A. Miller ◽

Laura L. Bruce

Keyword(s):

Superior Colliculus ◽

Phosphate Buffer ◽

Receptive Fields ◽

Visual Cortical Area ◽

Cortical Synapses ◽

Visual Cortical ◽

And Function ◽

Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽

The Brain ◽

Cat Superior Colliculus

The first visual cortical axons arrive in the cat superior colliculus by the time of birth. Adultlike receptive fields develop slowly over several weeks following birth. The developing cortical axons go through a sequence of changes before acquiring their adultlike morphology and function. To determine how these axons interact with neurons in the colliculus, cortico-collicular axons were labeled with biocytin (an anterograde neuronal tracer) and studied with electron microscopy.Deeply anesthetized animals received 200-500 nl injections of biocytin (Sigma; 5% in phosphate buffer) in the lateral suprasylvian visual cortical area. After a 24 hr survival time, the animals were deeply anesthetized and perfused with 0.9% phosphate buffered saline followed by fixation with a solution of 1.25% glutaraldehyde and 1.0% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M phosphate buffer. The brain was sectioned transversely on a vibratome at 50 μm. The tissue was processed immediately to visualize the biocytin.

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Structural modifications of intercellular junctions.

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082510 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 330-331

Author(s):

J. Metz ◽

M. Merlo ◽

W. G. Forssmann

Keyword(s):

Gap Junctions ◽

Intercellular Junctions ◽

Cell Isolation ◽

Extrahepatic Cholestasis ◽

Structural Modifications ◽

Pancreatic Duct Ligation ◽

Pancreatic Cells ◽

Duct Ligation ◽

Thin Sectioning ◽

And Function

Structure and function of intercellular junctions were studied under the electronmicroscope using conventional thin sectioning and freeze-etch replicas. Alterations of tight and gap junctions were analyzed 1. of exocrine pancreatic cells under cell isolation conditions and pancreatic duct ligation and 2. of hepatocytes during extrahepatic cholestasis.During the different steps of cell isolation of exocrine pancreatic cells, gradual changes of tight and gap junctions were observed. Tight junctions, which formed belt-like structures around the apex of control acinar cells in situ, subsequently diminished, became interrupted and were concentrated into macular areas (Fig. 1). Aggregations of membrane associated particles, which looked similar to gap junctions, were intermixed within tight junctional areas (Fig. 1). These structures continously disappeared in the last stages of the isolation procedure. The intercellular junctions were finally separated without destroying the integrity of the cell membrane, which was confirmed with porcion yellow, lanthanum chloride and horse radish peroxidase.

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