"Adaptive forgetting in Iberian green frog tadpoles (Pelophylax perezi): Learned irrelevance and latent inhibition may avoid predator misidentification": Correction to Gonzalo, López, and Martín (2012).

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-39
Author(s):  
Adega Gonzalo ◽  
Pilar López ◽  
José Martín
Keyword(s):  
Latent Inhibition ◽  
Green Frog ◽  
Frog Tadpoles ◽  
Learned Irrelevance ◽  
Adaptive Forgetting ◽  
Pelophylax Perezi

scholarly journals Effects of the invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii on growth and development of Pelophylax perezi tadpoles in field conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-252
Author(s):  
S. Saura–Mas ◽  
L. Benejam
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Green Frog ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Frog Tadpoles ◽  
Invasive Crayfish ◽  
Pelophylax Perezi

Introduced predatory aquatic invertebrates may contribute to the global decline of amphibians as their larval are extremely vulnerable to predators. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of the predatory invasive crayfish Procambarus clarkii on the growth and development of native Iberian green frog tadpoles, Pelophylax perezi, in field conditions. We hypothesized that P. clarkii might affect P. perezi development by (a) inducing a delay in its metamorphosis and (b) reducing survival and mass of metamorphs. The experiment was developed in two ponds (with and without P. clarkii’s presence) in the Natural Park of Aiguamolls de l’Empordà (NE of the Iberian Peninsula). For each pond, groups of 10 tadpoles were randomly assigned to 15 cylindrical field enclosures. These enclosures avoided direct contact (i.e. predation) between both species. Our results suggest that, in field conditions, the presence of P. clarkii accelerates metamorphosis of P. perezi tadpoles. The higher growth rate of P. perezi through shorter larval periods could be the result of behavioural plasticity in response to the strong pressure imposed by P. clarkii. This conclusion would be in accordance with the hypothesis that phenotypic plasticity plays an important role in the conservation of P. perezi in front of biological invasions.

scholarly journals Time-dependent latent inhibition of predator-recognition learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 20190183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam L. Crane ◽  
Douglas P. Chivers ◽  
Maud C. O. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Latent Inhibition ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Predator Recognition ◽  
Wood Frog ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Lithobates Sylvaticus ◽  
Frog Tadpoles ◽  
Recognition Learning

To optimally manage an environment with predators, prey must correctly distinguish between cues that are risky and cues that are safe. Even a specific cue that is safe in one area or at a certain time may be dangerous in other situations, and vice versa. Latent inhibition is a cognitive mechanism by which animals fail to learn that a stimulus as risky because they have already learned it as non-threatening via previous encounters with the stimulus in the absence of negative consequences. Here, we demonstrate that latent inhibition of predator-recognition learning in wood frog tadpoles, Lithobates sylvaticus , depends on the timing of their learning opportunities. For 6 days, tadpoles were exposed daily to an initially novel stimulus (salamander odour), either in the morning (11.00–13.00 h) or evening (16.00–18.00 h). The following day, we conditioned tadpoles to recognize the salamander odour as a predator by pairing it with injured tadpole cues, either at the same time as their previous experience or at the opposite time. When tested the following day, latent inhibition occurred under each scenario where the timing of conditioning matched the timing of the pre-exposure. However, tadpoles tested in the morning showed learned fright responses when conditioned in the morning if their pre-exposure had occurred in the evening, whereas individuals tested in the evening showed learned fright responses when conditioned in the evening if their pre-exposure had occurred in the morning. This is the first report of time-dependent latent inhibition of predator-recognition learning, which is likely an important mechanism for correctly managing predation risk and safety.

On the efficacy of anti-parasite behaviour: a case study of tadpole susceptibility to cercariae of Echinostoma trivolvis

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (11) ◽  
pp. 1623-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Koprivnikar ◽  
Mark R. Forbes ◽  
Robert L. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Wood Frog ◽  
Green Frog ◽  
Wood Frogs ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Frog Tadpoles ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Host Behaviour ◽  
Echinostoma Trivolvis

Many animals respond behaviourally to the infective stages of parasites, but the efficacy of such responses in reducing risk of parasitism often is not established. It was found that tadpoles of Rana clamitans Latr., 1801 (green frogs) and R. sylvatica LeConte, 1825 (wood frogs) increased their activity when exposed to live infective stages (cercariae) of the trematode Echinostoma trivolvis Rudolphi, 1809. The susceptibility to parasitism for green frog tadpoles subjected to three different treatments was compared. Tadpoles were housed at 20 °C and allowed to respond to cercariae, held at 6–8 °C and showing reduced behavioural responses, or anesthetized and showing no responses. Low levels of parasitism were found for tadpoles that responded behaviourally to cercariae; such responses are expected to occur under normal field conditions in the absence of factors suppressing activity of tadpoles. We also demonstrate that infectivity of E. trivolvis cercariae to non-responding (anesthetized) wood frog tadpoles was higher at warm than at cool temperatures. Thus, lowered parasitism at warm temperatures in the first experiment likely resulted from host behavioural responses and not from low infectivity of cercariae. These results have implications for observing effects of environmental factors on susceptibility to parasitism where susceptibility is thought or known to be mediated by host behaviour.

Human latent inhibition and learned irrelevance: Addressing existing limitations

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Schmidt-Hansen ◽  
Nicola S. Gray ◽  
Lisa H. Evans ◽  
Robert J. Snowden
Keyword(s):  
Latent Inhibition ◽  
Learned Irrelevance

Latent Inhibition and Learned Irrelevance of Occasion Setting

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Oberling ◽  
Lisa M. Gunther ◽  
Ralph R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Latent Inhibition ◽  
Occasion Setting ◽  
Learned Irrelevance
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document