scholarly journals Effects of discrimination training on fear generalization gradients and perceptual classification in humans.

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Dunsmoor ◽  
Kevin S. LaBar
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Training ◽  
Perceptual Classification ◽  
Generalization Gradients ◽  
Fear Generalization

Neural reactivity tracks fear generalization gradients

2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsafrir Greenberg ◽  
Joshua M. Carlson ◽  
Jiook Cha ◽  
Greg Hajcak ◽  
Lilianne R. Mujica-Parodi
Keyword(s):  
Generalization Gradients ◽  
Fear Generalization ◽  
Neural Reactivity

Changes in fear generalization gradients as a function of delayed testing.

1966 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otello Desiderato ◽  
Barrie Butler ◽  
Cornelius Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Generalization Gradients ◽  
Fear Generalization

Fear generalization gradients in visuospatial attention.

Emotion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Wu Dowd ◽  
Stephen R. Mitroff ◽  
Kevin S. LaBar
Keyword(s):  
Visuospatial Attention ◽  
Generalization Gradients ◽  
Fear Generalization

scholarly journals Conceptual fear generalization gradients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Mertens ◽  
Vera Bouwman ◽  
Arne Leer ◽  
Iris Engelhard
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Electric Shock ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Generalization Gradients ◽  
Fear Generalization ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
Insight Into

A hallmark symptom of fear and anxiety disorder is generalization of fear to essentially innocuous stimuli and situations. Such generalization can occur through both perceptual and conceptually similarities. Recent studies indicate that perceptual generalization is inflated in anxiety patients and individuals prone to develop anxiety disorders, suggesting that perceptual generalization may be involved in the etiology of anxiety disorders. In the current study we want to address whether conceptual generalization is potentially implicated in the development of anxiety disorders. Therefore, we will use a novel paradigm in which the Dutch word mini [tiny] or enorm [enormous] is paired with an electric shock and assess fear to the conceptually related words klein [small], medium [medium], and groot [large]. The obtained generalization gradients will be related to personality traits known to be vulnerability factors for anxiety disorders. These results will provide insight into conceptual fear generalization and whether this phenomenon potentially relates to the development of anxiety disorders.

scholarly journals Threat intensity widens fear generalization gradients.

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Dunsmoor ◽  
Marijn C. W. Kroes ◽  
Stephen H. Braren ◽  
Elizabeth A. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Generalization Gradients ◽  
Fear Generalization

scholarly journals Individual differences in human fear generalization—pattern identification and implications for anxiety disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Stegmann ◽  
M. A. Schiele ◽  
D. Schümann ◽  
T. B. Lonsdorf ◽  
P. Zwanzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Conditioned Fear ◽  
Generalization Test ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Generalization Gradients ◽  
Fear Generalization ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractPrevious research indicates that anxiety disorders are characterized by an overgeneralization of conditioned fear as compared with healthy participants. Therefore, fear generalization is considered a key mechanism for the development of anxiety disorders. However, systematic investigations on the variance in fear generalization are lacking. Therefore, the current study aims at identifying distinctive phenotypes of fear generalization among healthy participants. To this end, 1175 participants completed a differential fear conditioning phase followed by a generalization test. To identify patterns of fear generalization, we used a k-means clustering algorithm based on individual arousal generalization gradients. Subsequently, we examined the reliability and validity of the clusters and phenotypical differences between subgroups on the basis of psychometric data and markers of fear expression. Cluster analysis reliably revealed five clusters that systematically differed in mean responses, differentiation between conditioned threat and safety, and linearity of the generalization gradients, though mean response levels accounted for most variance. Remarkably, the patterns of mean responses were already evident during fear acquisition and corresponded most closely to psychometric measures of anxiety traits. The identified clusters reliably described subgroups of healthy individuals with distinct response characteristics in a fear generalization test. Following a dimensional view of psychopathology, these clusters likely delineate risk factors for anxiety disorders. As crucial group characteristics were already evident during fear acquisition, our results emphasize the importance of average fear responses and differentiation between conditioned threat and safety as risk factors for anxiety disorders.

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