The relation of racial identity, ethnic identity, and racial socialization to discrimination–distress: A meta-analysis of Black Americans.

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbiesiu L. Lee ◽  
Soyeon Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Racial Socialization ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Discrimination Distress

Racial-ethnic Identity Pairings and Mental Health of Second-generation Asian Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 834-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Vaghela ◽  
Koji Ueno
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Identity Conflict ◽  
Asian Adolescents ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Second-generation adolescents experience identity conflict when trying to adapt to the United States. This identity conflict may be compounded for Asians, who experience racialization of their ethnicity. This intensity of identity conflict and racialization of ethnicity is reflected in different pairings of racial and ethnic identities (e.g., Hyphenated-Nationality, Hyphenated-Asian). We examine how these identity pairings are associated with mental health. Analysis used a sample of 1,308 second-generation Asian adolescents (aged 15–19) from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study Wave 2 (1995–1996). Although not all associations were significant, low levels of identity conflict tended to be associated with lower levels of depression and more problem behaviors. Perhaps these identity pairings help reduce depression by lowering identity conflict while increasing peer conflicts. The analysis also showed that among adolescents with the same type of ethnic identity, mental health varied across racial identity, highlighting the importance of examining identity pairings.

scholarly journals Parents’ perception of raising healthy Black children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Hall
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Racial Socialization ◽  
Early Learning ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Children's Home ◽  
Black Canadian ◽  
The Impact

The early learning environment is important in the development of racial identity for Black and bi-racial children as this may be the first environment outside of the children’s home environment where they learn about themselves and others. Through semi-structured interviews this qualitative research explores five Black Canadian mothers’ racial socialization practices and perceptions of how their children’s racial identity is being represented in the early learning environment. Employing a constructivist framework and Critical Race Theory (CRT) four overarching themes were identified: “racial socialization behaviours connected to Black identity”, “parents using racial socialization to combat racism”, “lack of resources supporting racial identity”, and “diversity of teachers, authority belongs to everybody”. The mothers in this study employed racial socialization behaviours to buffer against the impact of racism in order to support the healthy development of their children.

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