Supplemental Material for A Bias for the Natural? Children’s Beliefs About Traits Acquired Through Effort, Bribes, or Medicine

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Children's Beliefs

Institutional actors: Children’s emerging beliefs about the causal structure of social roles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Noyes ◽  
Frank Keil ◽  
Yarrow Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Player ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Executive Orders ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Children's Beliefs ◽  
Institutional Actors ◽  
The U.S

Institutions make new forms of acting possible: Signing executive orders, scoring goals, and officiating weddings are only possible because of the U.S. government, the rules of soccer, and the institution of marriage. Thus, when an individual occupies a particular social role (President, soccer player, and officiator) they acquire new ways of acting on the world. The present studies investigated children’s beliefs about institutional actions, and in particular whether children understand that individuals can only perform institutional actions when their community recognizes them as occupying the appropriate social role. Two studies (Study 1, N = 120 children, 4-11; Study 2, N = 90 children, 4-9) compared institutional actions to standard actions that do not depend on institutional recognition. In both studies, 4- to 5-year-old children believed all actions were possible regardless of whether an individual was recognized as occupying the social role. In contrast, 8- to 9-year-old children robustly distinguished between institutional and standard actions; they understood that institutional actions depend on collective recognition by a community.

What Makes Kids Sick: Children's Beliefs about the Causative Factors of Illness

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Resnick Gratz ◽  
Jane A. Pihavin
Keyword(s):  
Causative Factors ◽  
Children's Beliefs

scholarly journals Metapragmatic stereotypes about geographical diversity in Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-154
Author(s):  
Dimitris Papazachariou ◽  
Anna Fterniati ◽  
Argiris Archakis ◽  
Vasia Tsami
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Geographical Variation ◽  
School Location ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Children's Beliefs ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Over the past decades, contemporary sociolinguistics has challenged the existence of fixed and rigid linguistic boundaries, thus focusing on how the speakers themselves define language varieties and how specific linguistic choices end up being perceived as language varieties. In this light, the present paper explores the influence of metapragmatic stereotypes on elementary school pupils’ attitudes towards geographical varieties. Specifically, we investigate children’s beliefs as to the acceptability of geographical varieties and their perception of the overt and covert prestige of geographical varieties and dialectal speakers. Furthermore, we explore the relationship between the children’s specific beliefs and factors such as gender, the social stratification of the school location and the pupils’ performance in language subjects. The data of the study was collected via questionnaires with closed questions. The research findings indicate that the children of our sample associate geographical varieties with rural settings and informal communicative contexts. Moreover, children recognize a lack of overt prestige in geographical variation; at the same time, they evaluate positively the social attractiveness and the personal reliability of the geographical varieties and their speakers. Our research showed that pupils’ beliefs are in line with the dominant metapragmatic stereotypes which promote language homogeneity.

scholarly journals AŠTUONERIŲ-DEŠIMTIES METŲ VAIKŲ POŽIŪRIS Į TĖVŲ SKYRYBAS

Psichologija ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Miglė Dovydaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Intact Families ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Children's Beliefs

Straipsnyje analizuojamas 8-10 metų vaikų požiūris į tėvų skyrybas, aptariama skyrybų įvertinimo reikšmė vaikui prisitaikyti. Analizuojamas šeimoje patiriamų stresų kiekio, laiko po skyrybų ir požiūrio į skyrybas ryšys bei lyčių skirtumai.Tyrimas skirtas įvertinti vaiko įsitikinimus apie tėvų skyrybas bei požiūrį į aplinką ir aplinkinius žmones, palyginti išsiskyrusių šeimų vaikų ir pilnų šeimų vaikų požiūrį į aplinką ir aplinkinius žmones. Sprendžiama, kaip vaiko įsitikinimai apie tėvų skyrybas susiję su požiūriu į aplinką ir aplinkinius žmones. Atsižvelgiama į galimą šeimos/skyrybų stresiškumo, lyties ir laiko po skyrybų bei jų sąveikos ryšį su vaiko požiūriu į aplinką ir aplinkinius žmones.Rezultatai parodė, kad iš visų neadaptyvių įsitikinimų apie skyrybas vaikams labiausiai būdinga susijungimo viltis ir tėvo kaltinimas. Be to, vaikai baiminasi, kad juos paliks mama, mano, kad tėvų skyrybos gali paveikti jų santykius su draugais. Vaikų įsitikinimai palyginti su amerikiečių vaikų rezultatais. Rezultatai iš esmės neprieštarauja kitų autorių duomenims apie vaikų požiūrį į skyrybas. Pabrėžiama, kad pagal požiūrį į skyrybas galima spręsti apie vaiko požiūrį į aplinką ir aplinkinius žmones, o išsiskyrusių šeimų vaikų depresinio požiūrio, liūdesio, vienatvės išgyvenimai gali padidinti jų emocinį pažeidžiamumą. Gali būti, kad vaiko požiūrį į aplinką, aplinkinius žmones lemia tėvų skyrybų patyrimas ir kognityviniai-socialiniai veiksniai, visų pirma skyrybų supratimas, požiūris į skyrybas. CHILDREN‘S BELIEFS ABOUT PARENTAL DIVORCE Miglė Dovydaitienė Summar This article investigates children's beliefs about parental divorce and attitudes toward environment and people. Children's believes about parental divorce is evaluated in a sample 8 through 10-year children whose parents had been separated for about 3 years. Attitudes toward environment and people between children of separated as well as intact families is compared. We also examined the relation of children's beliefs about parental divorce and attitudes toward environment and people. The mediating effect of gender stresses in divorced and intact families and time since divorce is discussed. The analyses of results revealed that hope of reunification and parental blame occur most frequently. Chil-dren also are afraid of abandonment and common beliefs are peer ridicule and avoidance. Beliefs of Lithua-nian and American samples is being compared. The results in general are consistent with data of other investigators of the subject. We make a point on the relation of children's beliefs about parental divorce and attitudes toward environment and other people and stress the importance of children's attitude and beliefs toward children's vulnerability. Possible conclusion is that child-ren's attitude toward environment is effected by divorce experiences, and primary cognitive - social factors, such as divorce understanding, beliefs about divorce.

Young children's beliefs about self-disclosure of performance failure and success

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Hicks ◽  
David Liu ◽  
Gail D. Heyman
Keyword(s):  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Children's Beliefs

Children's Beliefs About Parental Divorce Scale--Spanish Version

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Ramírez ◽  
Juan Botella ◽  
José A. Carrobles
Keyword(s):  
Parental Divorce ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Children's Beliefs
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