Video racing games increase actual health-related risk-taking behavior.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Kastenmüller ◽  
Peter Fischer ◽  
Julia Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Actual Health

Equity-Based Incentives, Risk Aversion, and Merger-Related Risk-Taking Behavior

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley W. Benson ◽  
Jung Chul Park ◽  
Wallace N. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

scholarly journals Moderated mediation of the link between parent-adolescent conflict and adolescent risk-taking: The role of physiological regulation and hostile behavior in an experimentally controlled investigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Thomas ◽  
Anjali Jain ◽  
Tristan Wilson ◽  
Danielle E. Deros ◽  
Irene Jacobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Behavioral Arousal ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Ability ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Adolescent Conflict ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Compared to childhood and adulthood, adolescence is a time of greater risk-taking behavior, potentially resulting in serious consequences. Theories of adolescent brain development highlight the imbalance between neural circuitry for reward vs. regulation. Although this imbalance may make adolescents more vulnerable to impaired decision-making in the context of heightened arousal, not all adolescents exhibit problematic risk behavior, suggesting other factors are involved. Relatedly, parent-adolescent conflict increases in mid-adolescence, and is linked to negative outcomes like substance use related risk-taking. However, the mechanism by which parent-adolescent conflict and risk-taking are linked is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated this association using a multi-method experimental design. Parent-adolescent dyads were randomly assigned to complete a discussion task together on the topic of either the adolescent’s dream vacation or an adolescent-identified conflict topic. During the task, adolescent peripheral psychophysiology was measured for later calculation of heart rate variability (HRV), an index of self-regulation. Immediately after the discussion task, adolescents completed a performance-based measure of risk-taking propensity that indexes real-world risk behaviors. We hypothesized that parent-adolescent conflict would predict greater adolescent risk-taking propensity, and that increased behavioral arousal in the context of conflict, coupled with impaired self-regulation, would explain this link. Results indicated no direct effect of parent-adolescent conflict on adolescent risk-taking propensity. However, there was a significant conditional indirect effect: lower HRV, indexing worse regulatory ability, mediated the relation between conflict and risk-taking propensity but only for adolescents exhibiting behavioral arousal during the discussion task. We discuss implications for understanding adolescent risk-taking behavior.

scholarly journals A latent profile analysis of the link between sociocultural factors and health-related risk-taking among U.S. adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Perrotte ◽  
Eric C. Shattuck ◽  
Colton L. Daniels ◽  
Xiaohe Xu ◽  
Thankam Sunil
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Medical Risk ◽  
Health Safety ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Risk Takers

Abstract Background Research suggests that health/safety behaviors (e.g., drinking heavily) and medical behaviors (e.g., donating blood) may be perceived as inherently risky, and further suggests there is substantial variation in the likelihood of engaging in a particular health-related risk behavior across people. Research examining demographic and sociocultural factors related to both health/safety and medical risk-taking is highly limited. Importantly, with very few exceptions the literature examining health risks characterized by potentially hazardous health behaviors (e.g, heavy alcohol use, driving without a seatbelt) is kept separate from the literature examining health risks characterized by potentially beneficial medical behaviors (e.g., donating blood, taking medication). In the interest of health promotion, it is critical for researchers to identify – and describe – individuals who are less inclined to engage in health-harming behaviors while at the same time being more inclined to engage in health-benefiting behaviors. Identifying such a subtype of individuals was the guiding aim for this study. Method A national sample of adults in the United States responded to a survey on sociocultural and demographic correlates of health behaviors. Health-related risk-taking indicators were measured using the items from the health/safety and medical subscales of the DOSPERT-M. Subtypes of risk-takers were identified using latent profile analysis (LPA). Follow-up analyses to describe subtype demographic characteristics were conducted. Results LPA identified four subtypes of risk-takers, including a subtype (n = 565, 45% of the sample; labeled “divergent”) that was comprised of individuals who highly endorsed medical risk-taking (e.g., taking medicine, giving blood) and minimally endorsed health/safety risk-taking (e.g., drinking heavily, unprotected sex). Subsequent analyses suggested that, among other findings, divergent profile members were likely to be married, endorse familial interdependence, and orient toward masculinity rather than femininity. Conclusion By examining potentially modifiable factors related to individuals’ inclinations to engage in health protective behaviors, this study is an important step toward improving current health behavior interventions among U.S. adults.

scholarly journals Predictors of adherence to public health instructions during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda Pollak ◽  
Haym Dayan ◽  
Rachel Shoham ◽  
Itai Berger
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
High Psychological Distress ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Health Related

AbstractImportanceIdentifying risk factors for adherence to public health instructions for the COVID-19 pandemic may be crucial for controlling the rate of transmission and the pandemic’s health and economic impacts.ObjectiveTo determine sociodemographic, health-related, risk-related, and instruction-related factors that predict non-adherence to instructions for the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCross-sectional survey in Israel collected between March 28 and April 10, 2020.SettingPopulation-based study.ParticipantsA convenience sample completed an online survey.ExposuresSociodemographic, health-related, risk-related, and instruction-related characteristics of the participants that have been linked to adherence to medical instructions.Main Outcome and MeasureNon-adherence to instructions defined by a mean score of less than 4 on a 1 to 5 adherence scale consisting of 19 instruction items.ResultsAmong 654 participants (413 [64.8%] female, age 40.14 [15.23] years), 28.7% were defined as non-adherents. Non-adherence was associated with male gender [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.54, CI 1.03– 2.31], not having children [aOR = 1.73, 1.13–2.65], smoking [aOR = 2.27, CI 1.42–3.62], high levels of ADHD symptoms [aOR = 1.55, CI 1.07–2.25], high levels of past risk-taking behavior [aOR = 1.41, CI 1.10–1.81], as well as by current high psychological distress [aOR = 1.51, CI 1.14–2.01], low perceived risk of COVID-19 [aOR = 1.52, CI 1.22–1.89], low exposure to the instructions [aOR = 1.45, CI 1.14–1.82], and low perceived efficacy of the instructions [aOR = 1.47, CI 1.16–1.85]. Adjusted OR of age, economic status, physical health status, and exposure to media did not reach the significance level.Conclusions and RelevancePeople with the above characteristics may have increased risk for non-adherence to public health instructions. There appears to be a need for setting out and communicating instructions to specifically targeted at-risk populations.Key PointsQuestionWhat factors are associated with non-adherence to public health instructions during COVID-19?FindingsIn a cross-sectional study of 654 Israeli participants, non-adherence to instructions was associated with male gender, not having children, smoking, high levels of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, low level of pro-sociality, and high levels of past risk-taking behavior, as well as by current high psychological distress, high perceived risk of the COVID-19, high exposure to the instructions, and high perceived efficacy of the instructions.MeaningThe findings suggest that in setting out and communicating public health instructions, policymakers should consider the above sociodemographic, health-related, risk-related, and instruction-related characteristics.

Worksite Fitness and Exercise Programs: A Review of Methodology and Health Impact

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Shephard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
English Language ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Exercise Programs ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Health Related Fitness

Purpose. To examine the methodology of worksite fitness and exercise programs and to assess their effect on health-related fitness, cardiac risk factors, life satisfaction and well-being, and illness and injury. Search methods. The 52 studies reviewed cover English-language literature for the period from 1972 to 1994, as identified by a search of the Cumulative Index Medicus, Medline, the Canadian Sport Documentation Centre's “Sport Discus,” computerized bibliography, and my own files. Reports were divided into five controlled experimental studies, 14 quasi-experimental studies with matched controls (one reported in abstract), and 33 other interventions of varied quality. Summary. Methodologic problems include difficulty in allowing for Hawthorne effects, substantial sample attrition, and poor definition of the intervention (exercise or broad-based health promotion). Findings are analyzed by specific fitness and health outcomes. Program participants show small but favorable changes in body mass, skinfolds, aerobic power, muscle strength and flexibility, overall risk-taking behavior, systemic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and cigarette smoking. Claims of improved mood state are based heavily on uncontrolled studies. Quasi-experimental studies suggest reduced rates of illness and injury among participants, but seasonal and year-to-year differences in health weaken possible conclusions. Conclusions. Participation in worksite fitness programs can enhance health-related fitness and reduce risk-taking behavior, but population effect is limited by low participation rates.

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