scholarly journals Chronic stress impairs prefrontal cortex-dependent response inhibition and spatial working memory.

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Mika ◽  
Gabriel J. Mazur ◽  
Ann N. Hoffman ◽  
Joshua S. Talboom ◽  
Heather A. Bimonte-Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Spatial Working Memory

scholarly journals The role of prefrontal cortex in working memory: examining the contents of consciousness

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1377) ◽  
pp. 1819-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
S. M. Courtney ◽  
L. Petit ◽  
J. V. Haxby ◽  
L. G. Ungerleider
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Domain Specificity ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
The Right

Working memory enables us to hold in our ‘mind's eye’ the contents of our conscious awareness, even in the absence of sensory input, by maintaining an active representation of information for a brief period of time. In this review we consider the functional organization of the prefrontal cortex and its role in this cognitive process. First, we present evidence from brain–imaging studies that prefrontal cortex shows sustained activity during the delay period of visual working memory tasks, indicating that this cortex maintains on–line representations of stimuli after they are removed from view. We then present evidence for domain specificity within frontal cortex based on the type of information, with object working memory mediated by more ventral frontal regions and spatial working memory mediated by more dorsal frontal regions. We also propose that a second dimension for domain specificity within prefrontal cortex might exist for object working memory on the basis of the type of representation, with analytic representations maintained preferentially in the left hemisphere and image–based representations maintained preferentially in the right hemisphere. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility that there are prefrontal areas brought into play during the monitoring and manipulation of information in working memory in addition to those engaged during the maintenance of this information. Finally, we consider the relationship of prefrontal areas important for working memory, both to posterior visual processing areas and to prefrontal areas associated with long–term memory.

scholarly journals Spatial Working Memory in Humans Depends on Theta and High Gamma Synchronization in the Prefrontal Cortex

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1513-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Alekseichuk ◽  
Zsolt Turi ◽  
Gabriel Amador de Lara ◽  
Andrea Antal ◽  
Walter Paulus
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
High Gamma

scholarly journals Developmental Fractionation of Working Memory and Response Inhibition During Childhood

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Tsujimoto ◽  
Mariko Kuwajima ◽  
Toshiyuki Sawaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) plays a major role in both working memory (WM) and response inhibition (RI), which are fundamental for various cognitive abilities. We explored the relationship between these LPFC functions during childhood development by examining the performance of two groups of children in visuospatial and auditory WM tasks and a go/no-go RI task. In the younger children (59 5- and 6-year-olds), performance on the visuospatial WM task correlated significantly with that in the auditory WM task. Furthermore, accuracy in these tasks correlated significantly with performance on the RI task, particularly in the no-go trials. In contrast, there were no significant correlations among those tasks in older children (92 8- and 9-year-olds). These results suggest that functional neural systems for visuospatial WM, auditory WM, and RI, especially those in the LPFC, become fractionated during childhood, thereby enabling more efficient processing of these critical cognitive functions.

Prefrontal Task-Related Activity Representing Visual Cue Location or Saccade Direction in Spatial Working Memory Tasks

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 567-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Takeda ◽  
Shintaro Funahashi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Visual Cue ◽  
Response Period ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal

To examine what kind of information task-related activity encodes during spatial working memory processes, we analyzed single-neuron activity in the prefrontal cortex while two monkeys performed two different oculomotor delayed-response (ODR) tasks. In the standard ODR task, monkeys were required to make a saccade to the cue location after a 3-s delay, whereas in the rotatory ODR (R-ODR) task, they were required to make a saccade 90° clockwise from the cue location after the 3-s delay. By comparing the same task-related activities in these two tasks, we could determine whether such activities encoded the location of the visual cue or the direction of the saccade. One hundred twenty one neurons exhibited task-related activity in relation to at least one task event in both tasks. Among them, 41 neurons exhibited directional cue-period activity, most of which encoded the location of the visual cue. Among 56 neurons with directional delay-period activity, 86% encoded the location of the visual cue, whereas 13% encoded the direction of the saccade. Among 57 neurons with directional response-period activity, 58% encoded the direction of the saccade, whereas 35% encoded the location of the visual cue. Most neurons whose response-period activity encoded the location of the visual cue also exhibited directional delay-period activity that encoded the location of the visual cue as well. The best directions of these two activities were identical, and most of these response-period activities were postsaccadic. Therefore this postsaccadic activity can be considered a signal to terminate unnecessary delay-period activity. Population histograms encoding the location of the visual cue showed tonic sustained activation during the delay period. However, population histograms encoding the direction of the saccade showed a gradual increase in activation during the delay period. These results indicate that the transformation from visual input to motor output occurs in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The analysis using population histograms suggests that this transformation occurs gradually during the delay period.

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