scholarly journals Effects of thinning the rate at which the alternative behavior is reinforced on resurgence of an extinguished instrumental response.

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil E. Winterbauer ◽  
Mark E. Bouton
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Response ◽  
Alternative Behavior

Quantitative Analysis of Raman Spectra in Si/SiGe Nanostructures

2013 ◽  
Vol 1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selina Mala ◽  
Leonid Tsybeskov ◽  
Jean-Marc Baribeau ◽  
Xiaohua Wu ◽  
David J. Lockwood
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Raman Spectra ◽  
Instrumental Response ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Stray Light ◽  
Raman Signal ◽  
Longitudinal Acoustic ◽  
Local Sample

ABSTRACTWe present comprehensive quantitative analysis of Raman spectra in two-(Si/SiGe superlattices) and three-(Si/SiGe cluster multilayers) dimensional nanostructures. We find that the Raman spectra baseline is due to the sample surface imperfection and instrumental response associated with the stray light. The Raman signal intensity is analyzed, and Ge composition is calculated and compared with the experimental data. The local sample temperature and thermal conductivity are calculated, and the spectrum of longitudinal acoustic phonons is explained.

The use of duration as a measure of seismic moment and magnitude

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-913
Author(s):  
Robert B. Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Seismic Moment ◽  
Instrumental Response ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Corner Frequency ◽  
Source Spectrum ◽  
Duration Magnitude ◽  
Central United States

Abstract The observed relationship between magnitude and duration is shown to be a result of the particular shape of the signal coda as a function of time. If the envelope of the coda follows a t−q relationship with increasing time, then the magnitude, mτ, based on a duration τ is consequently of the form m τ = q log ⁡ 10 τ + r . A study of the duration-magnitude and duration-moment relationships for a set of central United States earthquakes indicates that the linear relationship between mτ and log10τ is valid only over a limited range. The departure from the simple linear dependence is explained in terms of instrumental response and the shift of the source-spectrum corner frequency with increasing event size.

Counseling Parents of Children With Behavior Problems: The Use of Extinction and Time-Out Techniques

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Drabman ◽  
Greg Jarvie
Keyword(s):  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Inappropriate Behavior ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Alternative Behavior ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Behavior Response ◽  
Disciplinary Problems ◽  
The Family ◽  
Selection Of

The pediatrician is the professional most frequently sought out for advice concerning disciplinary problems with children in the home. Behavioral psychologists have advocated the use of contingent ignoring and time-out procedures to help reduce problem behaviors; however, practicing pediatricians have found that these two procedures are often not successful. In fact, sometimes the two procedures seem to exacerbate inappropriate behavior. This paper documents the difficulties found in using the ignoring and/or time-out procedures in the home setting. Potential pitfalls in the use of ignoring, including not specifying the target behavior, not taking a baseline, inadvertently, intermittently reinforcing the inappropriate behavior, response bursts, spontaneous recovery, and not reinforcing an appropriate alternative behavior, are described. In addition, several pitfalls in the use of the time-out procedure, including selection of isolation area, inappropriate selection of time intervals, interference from others in the family, and escape attempts on the part of the child are discussed. For each potential problem a remedy is suggested.

scholarly journals An inter-laboratory investigation of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP<sub>25</sub> in marine sediments: key outcomes and recommendations

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Belt ◽  
T. A. Brown ◽  
L. Ampel ◽  
P. Cabedo-Sanz ◽  
K. Fahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Laboratory Investigation ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Instrumental Response ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Arctic Sea

Abstract. We describe the results of an inter-laboratory investigation into the identification and quantification of the Arctic sea ice biomarker proxy IP25 in marine sediments. Seven laboratories took part in the study, which consisted of the analysis of IP25 in a series of sediment samples from different regions of the Arctic, sub-Arctic and Antarctic, additional sediment extracts and purified standards. The results obtained allowed 4 key outcomes to be determined. First, IP25 was identified by all laboratories in sediments from the Canadian Arctic with inter-laboratory variation in IP25 concentration being substantially larger than within individual laboratories. This greater variation between laboratories was attributed to the difficulty in accurately determining instrumental response factors for IP25, even though laboratories were supplied with appropriate standards. Second, the identification of IP25 by 3 laboratories in sediment from SW Iceland that was believed to represent a blank, was interpreted as representing a better limit of detection or quantification for such laboratories, contamination or mis-identification. These alternatives could not be distinguished conclusively with the data available, although it is noted that the precision of these data was significantly poorer compared with the other IP25 concentration measurements. Third, 3 laboratories reported the occurrence of IP25 in a sediment sample from the Antarctic Peninsula even though this biomarker is believed to be absent from the Southern Ocean. This anomaly is attributed to a combined chromatographic and mass spectrometric interference that results from the presence of a di-unsaturated highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) pseudo-homologue of IP25 that occurs in Antarctic sediments. Finally, data are presented that suggest that extraction of IP25 is consistent between Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and sonication methods and that IP25 concentrations based on 7-hexylnonadecane as an internal standard are comparable using these methods. Recoveries of some more unsaturated HBIs and the internal standard 9-octylheptadecene, however, were lower with the ASE procedure, possibly due to partial degradation of these more reactive chemicals as a result of higher temperatures employed with this method. For future measurements, we recommend the use of reference sediment material with known concentration(s) of IP25 for determining and routinely monitoring instrumental response factors. Given the significance placed on the presence (or otherwise) of IP25 in marine sediments, some further recommendations pertaining to quality control are made that should also enable the two main anomalies identified here to be addressed.

scholarly journals Instrumental Response Model and Detrending for the Dark Energy Camera

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (981) ◽  
pp. 114502 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Bernstein ◽  
T. M. C. Abbott ◽  
S. Desai ◽  
D. Gruen ◽  
R. A. Gruendl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Instrumental Response ◽  
Response Model

The instrumental response and hypothalamic stimulus-bound drinking

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Bollinger ◽  
Kathleen P. Faircloth ◽  
Robert M. Doering
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Response

Intensity Calibration and Sensitivity Comparisons for CCD/Raman Spectrometers

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1965-1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Fryling ◽  
Christopher J. Frank ◽  
Richard L. McCreery
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Instrumental Response ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Sample Position ◽  
Fiber Output ◽  
Photodiode Arrays

A calibrated tungsten source combined with a fiber optic was used to correct Raman spectra for instrumental response. With the placement of the fiber output at the Raman sample position, the product of throughput, collection efficiency, quantum efficiency, and sampled area could be assessed. This product is related to a spectrometer figure of merit, which provides a quantitative comparison of spectrometer sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. Four spectrometer configurations were compared to illustrate the approach. An additional feature of the white light calibration is correction of relative Raman peak intensities. This issue is particularly important due to the substantial differences between CCD quantum efficiency curves and those of photomultipliers or intensified photodiode arrays.

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