Individual variability in speed of information processing: An index of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Bodling ◽  
Douglas R. Denney ◽  
Sharon G. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing

Cognitive impairment in relapsing—remitting multiple sclerosis can be predicted by imaging performed several years earlier

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Summers ◽  
LK Fisniku ◽  
VM Anderson ◽  
DH Miller ◽  
L. Cipolotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Significant Variance ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Relapsing Remitting

Cognitive deficits in multiple sclerosis (MS) are common and correlate with contemporary MRI brain abnormalities, particularly atrophy, but the ability of imaging early in the disease to predict later cognitive impairment remains to be determined. Thirty relapsing—remitting MS patients recruited within three years of the onset of the disease, and in whom MRI had been performed at baseline and a year later, were assessed neuropsychologically five years later. Imaging parameters accounting for significant variance in cognitive performance were identified using multiple regressions, once confounding variables were controlled. Patients performed significantly worse than expected on tests of attention/speed of information processing and half of them had experienced some decline in IQ in relation to premorbid estimates. The rate of global brain atrophy in the first year of the study accounted for significant variance in the overall cognitive performance, and in memory and attention/speed of information processing. Poor performance on attention tests was associated with high T1-weighted lesion volume and reduced magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). These results suggest that neuroaxonal loss was identified early in the disease, and its rate of progression, predicted cognitive impairment later in the disease. Neuroaxonal loss is likely to affect commissural and association fibres that subserve the cognitive processes impaired in MS. Multiple Sclerosis 2008; 14: 197—204. http://msj.sagepub.com

Early cognitive impairment in patients with clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of multiple sclerosis

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Feuillet ◽  
F Reuter ◽  
B Audoin ◽  
I Malikova ◽  
K Barrau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Clinically Isolated Syndrome ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Processing Language

Cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common occurrence and is generally fairly circumscribed. The prevalence of the cognitive deficits usually encountered could vary with the clinical course of the disease. To investigate whether the presence of cognitive impairment may occur in the very early stage of MS, we assessed the cognitive status of a group of 40 patients presenting with a recently diagnosed clinically isolated syndrome suggestive of MS (CISSMS), in comparison with 30 age-, sex-, and educational level-matched healthy control subjects. An extensive battery of neuropsychological tests was used to explore verbal and non-verbal memory, attention, concentration, speed of information processing, language and abstract reasoning. Patients with CISSMS had a significant, frequent (57%), and circumscribed cognitive impairment, focused on memory, speed of information processing, attention and executive functions.

Multiple Sclerosis and Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Cristina Valencia-Sanchez ◽  
Jonathan L. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Past ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions

A 60-year-old woman with a history of multiple sclerosis was evaluated for cognitive concerns. At age 30 years she had an episode of optic neuritis, followed by an episode of bilateral lower extremity numbness at age 35 years. In the following years, she had at least 6 further multiple sclerosis relapses, the last one approximately 3 years before the current presentation. She was initially treated with interferon, but she did not tolerate it. She had been taking glatiramer acetate for the past 3 years. She had noticed progressive deterioration of her gait for the past 3 years, having to use a cane on occasions. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed multiple demyelinating lesions), and magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine showed 1 small demyelinating lesion at C6. Vitamin B12 level and thyroid function were normal. Comprehensive neuropsychological testing showed multidomain cognitive impairment, mainly impairment of speed of information processing, spatial discrimination skills, and attention/concentration. The patient’s multiple sclerosis phenotype was consistent with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Her cognitive impairment profile, mainly affecting information processing speed and disinhibition suggestive of frontal dysfunction, was consistent with multiple sclerosis. The patient began a cognitive rehabilitation program, and learning and memory aids were recommended. Lifestyle changes were also recommended, including weight loss and physical exercise. She was given recommendations for sleep hygiene and began taking gabapentin for neuropathic pain and restless legs. Cognitive impairment is common in patients with multiple sclerosis. Slowed cognitive processing speed and episodic memory decline are the most common cognitive deficits in MS, with additional difficulties in executive function, verbal fluency, and visuospatial analysis.

Lateral Interactions and Speed of Information Processing in Highly Functioning Multiple Sclerosis Patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helga Nagy ◽  
Krisztina Bencsik ◽  
Cec??lia Rajda ◽  
Krisztina Benedek ◽  
M??rta Jan??ky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Lateral Interactions ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

scholarly journals Rapid serial processing in patients with multiple sclerosis: The role of peripheral deficits

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGELA M. BODLING ◽  
DOUGLAS R. DENNEY ◽  
SHARON G. LYNCH
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Stimulus Information ◽  
Serial Processing ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Peripheral Motor

This study compared speed of information processing in patients with relapsing–remitting or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls using the Stroop Test and a Picture Naming Test (PNT). While both tests evaluated processing speed within a format calling for rapid serial processing of stimulus information, the PNT included trials designed to impose greater verbal–motor and ocular–motor challenges by using novel rather than repeated pictures and by presenting the pictures in distributed locations rather than always centered on the screen. The results confirmed that a decrease in the speed of information processing is a key feature of the cognitive impairment occurring in conjunction with MS. When this feature is evaluated with tests requiring rapid serial processing of stimulus information, the contribution of peripheral motor deficits appears to be modest. (JINS, 2008, 14, 646–650.)

scholarly journals T1 Relaxation Times in the Cortex and Thalamus Are Associated With Working Memory and Information Processing Speed in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Thaler ◽  
Isabelle Hartramph ◽  
Jan-Patrick Stellmann ◽  
Christoph Heesen ◽  
Maxim Bester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
T1 Mapping ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
T1 Relaxation

Background: Cortical and thalamic pathologies have been associated with cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).Objective: We aimed to quantify cortical and thalamic damage in patients with MS using a high-resolution T1 mapping technique and to evaluate the association of these changes with clinical and cognitive impairment.Methods: The study group consisted of 49 patients with mainly relapsing-remitting MS and 17 age-matched healthy controls who received 3T MRIs including a T1 mapping sequence (MP2RAGE). Mean T1 relaxation times (T1-RT) in the cortex and thalami were compared between patients with MS and healthy controls. Additionally, correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between MRI parameters and clinical and cognitive disability.Results: Patients with MS had significantly decreased normalized brain, gray matter, and white matter volumes, as well as increased T1-RT in the normal-appearing white matter, compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). Partial correlation analysis with age, sex, and disease duration as covariates revealed correlations for T1-RT in the cortex (r = −0.33, p < 0.05), and thalami (right thalamus: r = −0.37, left thalamus: r = −0.50, both p < 0.05) with working memory and information processing speed, as measured by the Symbol-Digit Modalities Test.Conclusion: T1-RT in the cortex and thalamus correlate with information processing speed in patients with MS.

The contribution of depressive symptoms to slowness of information processing in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1607-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genny Lubrini ◽  
Marcos Ríos Lago ◽  
Jose A Periañez ◽  
Antonio Tallón Barranco ◽  
Consuelo De Dios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
The Impact

Background: Slowness of information processing has been suggested as a fundamental factor modulating cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the contribution of depressive symptoms (DS) to slowness remains unclear. One of the most accepted hypotheses on the impact of depression on the general population suggests that depression interferes only with tasks requiring high cognitive demands. However, no studies have investigated if the same pattern occurs in MS. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the profile of the contribution of DS to slowness. Methods: Four Reaction Time (RT) tasks requiring an increasing level of cognitive demands were administered to 35 relapsing remitting MS patients with DS, 33 MS patients without DS, 17 depressed non-MS patients and 27 controls. Results: MS patients without DS obtained longer RTs than controls in all the tasks. On the contrary, depressed non-MS patients were slower than controls only in the most demanding task. Finally, MS patients with DS were slower than MS patients without DS not only in the most demanding task but also in the task requiring a lower level of cognitive demands. Conclusion: The contribution of DS to slowness depends on the level of cognitive demands. However, its impact on MS is more deleterious than on the general population.

Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis – a review of current knowledge and recent research

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Grzegorski ◽  
Jacek Losy
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
Chronic Progressive Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive disease of the central nervous system that is characterised by inflammatory damage to the myelin sheath. Though often neglected, cognitive impairment is a common feature of MS that affects 43–70% of patients. It has a sophisticated neuroanatomic and pathophysiologic background and disturbs such vital cognitive domains as speed of information processing, memory, attention, executive functions and visual perceptual functions. In recent years there has been growing interest in neuroimaging findings with regard to cognitive impairment in MS. The possible options of managing cognitive dysfunction in MS are pharmacologic interventions, cognitive rehabilitation and exercise training; however, not enough evidence has been presented in this field. The aim of our article is to provide current knowledge on cognitive impairment in MS based on the most recent scientific results and conclusions with regard to affected cognitive domains, neuropsychological assessment, underlying mechanisms of this disturbance, neuroimaging findings and therapeutic options.

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