scholarly journals Auditory working memory impairments in individuals at familial high risk for schizophrenia.

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Seidman ◽  
Eric C. Meyer ◽  
Anthony J. Giuliano ◽  
Hans C. Breiter ◽  
Jill M. Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Familial High Risk

Failure to deactivate medial prefrontal cortex in people at high risk for psychosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 633-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Falkenberg ◽  
C. Chaddock ◽  
R.M. Murray ◽  
C. McDonald ◽  
G. Modinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychosis Risk ◽  
Medial Pfc ◽  
Familial High Risk

AbstractImpaired working memory is a core feature of schizophrenia and is linked with altered engagement the lateral prefrontal cortex. Although altered PFC activation has been reported in people with increased risk of psychosis, at present it is not clear if this neurofunctional alteration differs between familial and clinical risk states and/or increases in line with the level of psychosis risk. We addressed this issue by using functional MRI and a working memory paradigm to study familial and clinical high-risk groups. We recruited 17 subjects at ultra-high-risk (UHR) for psychosis, 10 non-affected siblings of patients with schizophrenia (familial high risk [FHR]) and 15 healthy controls. Subjects were scanned while performing the N-back working memory task. There was a relationship between the level of task-related deactivation in the medial PFC and precuneus and the level of psychosis risk, with deactivation weakest in the UHR group, greatest in healthy controls, and at an intermediate level in the FHR group. In the high-risk groups, activation in the precuneus was associated with the level of negative symptoms. These data suggest that increased vulnerability to psychosis is associated with a failure to deactivate in the medial PFC and precuneus during a working memory task, and appears to be most evident in subjects at clinical, as opposed to familial high risk.

scholarly journals Altered working memory-related brain activity in children at familial high risk for psychosis: A preliminary study

2022 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Kevin C.A. van Gool ◽  
Guusje Collin ◽  
Clemens C.C. Bauer ◽  
Elena Molokotos ◽  
Raquelle I. Mesholam-Gately ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Familial High Risk

Impaired Processing of Serial Order Determines Working Memory Impairments in Alzheimer’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1171-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya De Belder ◽  
Patrick Santens ◽  
Anne Sieben ◽  
Wim Fias
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Memory Impairments

scholarly journals Association of General Cognitive Functions with Gaming Use in Young Adults: A Comparison among Excessive Gamers, Regular Gamers and Non-Gamers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2293
Author(s):  
Joon Hwan Jang ◽  
Sun Ju Chung ◽  
Aruem Choi ◽  
Ji Yoon Lee ◽  
Bomi Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Internet Gaming Disorder ◽  
Verbal Ability ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Internet Gaming

This study aimed to examine the relationship of general cognitive function with gaming use, and to identify elements of intelligence predicting increased gaming use. In total, 160 young adults participated in this study. Two clinical groups (n = 97) were defined: excessive gaming users diagnosed with internet gaming disorder (IGD) (n = 64) and the high-risk users (n = 33). The control group (n = 63) was also divided into regular gamers (n = 14) and non-gamers (n = 49). Participants completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV and self-reported questionnaires regarding IGD severity and gaming hours. The IGD group had significantly lower Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ), Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), and Processing Speed Index (PSI) scores, compared with regular gamers and non-gamers. The IGD group also exhibited lower Working Memory Index (WMI) scores, compared with non-gamers. The high-risk group demonstrated significantly lower PSI score, compared with non-gamers. Furthermore FSIQ, VCI, WMI, and PSI scores were significant predictors of gaming hours in the IGD group. For the high-risk group, FSIQ, WMI, and VCI scores were negatively associated with gaming hours. Our study demonstrates the need to address the importance of enhancing working memory and verbal ability, thus, preventing the development of gaming addiction among individuals at high-risk gamers.

scholarly journals Social Cognition, Language, and Social Behavior in 7-Year-Old Children at Familial High-Risk of Developing Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study VIA 7—A Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1218-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Jerlang Christiani ◽  
Jens R M Jepsen ◽  
Anne Thorup ◽  
Nicoline Hemager ◽  
Ditte Ellersgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Familial High Risk

Abstract Objective To characterize social cognition, language, and social behavior as potentially shared vulnerability markers in children at familial high-risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ) and bipolar disorder (FHR-BP). Methods The Danish High-Risk and Resilience Study VIA7 is a multisite population-based cohort of 522 7-year-old children extracted from the Danish registries. The population-based controls were matched to the FHR-SZ children on age, sex, and municipality. The FHR-BP group followed same inclusion criteria. Data were collected blinded to familial high-risk status. Outcomes were social cognition, language, and social behavior. Results The analysis included 202 FHR-SZ children (girls: 46%), 120 FHR-BP children (girls: 46.7%), and 200 controls (girls: 46.5%). FHR-SZ children displayed significant deficits in language (receptive: d = −0.27, P = .006; pragmatic: d = −0.51, P < .001), social responsiveness (d = −0.54, P < .001), and adaptive social functioning (d = −0.47, P < .001) compared to controls after Bonferroni correction. Compared to FHR-BP children, FHR-SZ children performed significantly poorer on adaptive social functioning (d = −0.29, P = .007) after Bonferroni correction. FHR-BP and FHR-SZ children showed no significant social cognitive impairments compared to controls after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion Language, social responsiveness, and adaptive social functioning deficits seem associated with FHR-SZ but not FHR-BP in this developmental phase. The pattern of results suggests adaptive social functioning impairments may not be shared between FHR-BP and FHR-SZ in this developmental phase and thus not reflective of the shared risk factors for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

scholarly journals Early prodromal symptoms can predict future psychosis in familial high-risk youth

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Tandon ◽  
Debra Montrose ◽  
Jai Shah ◽  
R.P. Rajarethinam ◽  
Vaibhav A. Diwadkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
High Risk Youth ◽  
Familial High Risk

Memory impairments and its interaction with environmental factors in children aged 6 to 8 years living in gharb plain (N-w of Morocco)

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 264-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.-Z. Azzaoui ◽  
H. Hami ◽  
A.O.T. Ahami
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
North West ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
The North

IntroductionThe “Gharb” plain (area of our study) localized in the North-West of Morocco is one of the most important agricultural and industrial regions of the Kingdom. Unfortunately, it suffered from the increase of different polluting human activities which expose the population, especially children, to serious neurobehavioral problems.Objective and aimsEvaluation of the short term memory and working memory in urban, periurban and rural schooled children (aged 6 to 8 years) living in Gharb plain and studying the relationship between the performance in this test and the quality of environment.MethodsMemory Sub-test of WISC III (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and questionnaire about some environmental conditions.ResultsThe obtained results had shown that 3,64% periurban children and 3,03% rural children suffer from short memory impairments and no impairments in urban children were registered. For working memory, 21,05%, 47,06% and 66,67% of impairments were found in urban, periurban and rural children respectively.Moreover, a significant correlations between the performances of short term memory and building materials (p < 0.05), source of pollution near the school (p < 0.05), and consumption of well water (p < 0.001) were registered.ConclusionsThe memory impairments recorded in these children appeared in connection with environmental factors, but a deeper investigation is needed for studying all these factors, in addition to others (psychological, socio-economical, and nutritional) ones.

Working Memory Impairments in Schizophrenia Patients: A Bayesian Bivariate IRT Analysis

2002 ◽  
pp. 193-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Cook ◽  
John Barnard ◽  
Yungtai Lo ◽  
Donald B. Rubin ◽  
Michael J. Coleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments

scholarly journals Ebselen Prevents Cigarette Smoke-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction In Mice By Preserving Hippocampal Synaptophysin Expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone N. De Luca ◽  
Kurt Brassington ◽  
Stanley M. H. Chan ◽  
Aleksandar Dobric ◽  
Kevin Mou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background: Cigarette smoking (CS) is the leading cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The “spill-over” of pulmonary inflammation into the systemic circulation may damage the brain, leading to cognitive dysfunction. Cessation of CS can improve pulmonary and neurocognitive outcomes, however, its benefit on the neuroinflammatory profile remains uncertain. Here, we investigate how CS exposure impairs neurocognition and whether this can be reversed with CS cessation or an antioxidant treatment. Methods: Male BALB/c mice were exposed CS (9 cigarettes/day for 8 weeks) followed by 4 weeks of CS cessation. Another cohort of CS-exposed mice were co-administrated with a glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) mimetic, ebselen (10mg/kg) or vehicle (5% CM-cellulose). We assessed pulmonary inflammation, spatial and working memory, and the hippocampal microglial, oxidative and synaptic profiles. Results: CS exposure increased lung inflammation which was reduced following CS cessation. CS caused spatial and working memory impairments which were attributed to hippocampal microglial activation and suppression of synaptophysin. CS cessation did not improve memory deficits or alter microglial activation. Ebselen completely prevented the CS-induced working and spatial memory impairments, which was associated with restored synaptophysin expression without altering microglial activation.Conclusion: We were able to model the CS-induced memory impairment and microglial activation seen in human COPD. The preventative effects of ebselen on memory impairment is likely to be dependent on a preserved synaptogenic profile. Cessation alone also appears to be insufficient in correcting the memory impairment, suggesting the importance of incorporating antioxidant therapy to help maximizing the benefit of cessation.

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