Warmth and competence: Stereotypes of the elderly among young adults and older persons in Brazil.

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Pinheiro de Paula Couto ◽  
Sílvia Helena Koller
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
The Elderly

Walking with Visual Restrictions in Healthy Elderly and Young Adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
Yves Lajoie ◽  
Michel Guay
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Healthy Elderly

ABSTRACTVisual requirements for a simple walking task were evaluated for young and elderly persons to determine if, with normal aging, elderly subjects require more visual information. Ten young adults and 10 elderly people were asked to complete a simple walking task within predetermined pathway boundaries under two conditions of visual restriction. In the reactive condition, subjects automatically received a 200 ms flash of visual information at the halfway point of the walkway. For the predictive condition, subjects did not receive any visual information during the walking trial, but were equipped with an emergency button that would provide 200 ms of visual information whenever they needed it. For both experimental conditions, subjects received additional flashes of visual information if they stepped out of the walkway boundaries. Results showed that older persons stepped out of bounds more often in the reactive condition and gave themselves more visual cues than the younger subjects in the predictive condition. The relative importance of vision during locomotion seems to be higher in the elderly population when compared to young adults.

Effects of a Group Program to Increase Cognitive Performance Through Cognitively Stimulating Leisure Activities in Healthy Older Subjects

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina A. Tesky ◽  
Christian Thiel ◽  
Winfried Banzer ◽  
Johannes Pantel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Group Program ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Older Subjects

To investigate the effects of leisure activities on cognitive performance of healthy older subjects, an innovative intervention program was developed. Frequent participation in cognitively stimulating activities (i.e., reading, playing chess, or playing music) is associated with reduced risk of dementia. AKTIVA (active cognitive stimulation – prevention in the elderly) is an intervention program designed to enhance cognitive stimulation in everyday life by increasing cognitive stimulating leisure activities. The present study determines the effects of AKTIVA on cognitive function, mood and attitude toward aging in a sample of older participants from the general population. Several measurement instruments were used including the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog), the Trail-Making Test (TMT), and the Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q). Initially, the sample consisted of 307 older persons (170 female, 72 ± 7 years). The intervention was evaluated with a randomized, controlled pre-post follow-up design. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: AKTIVA intervention (n = 126), AKTIVA intervention plus nutrition and exercise counseling (n = 84), no-intervention control group (n = 97). The AKTIVA intervention consisted of 8 weekly sessions and two booster sessions after a break of 4 months. Participation in the group program resulted in positive effects on cognitive function and attitude toward aging for subassembly groups. Older persons (≥ 75 years) showed enhanced speed of information processing (by TMT Version A) (F = 4.17*, p < .05); younger participants (< 75 years) showed an improvement in subjective memory decline (by MAC-Q) (F = 2.55*, p < .05). Additionally, AKTIVA enhanced the frequency of activities for leisure activities for subassembly groups. The results of this study suggest that the AKTIVA program can be used to increase cognitively stimulating leisure activities in the elderly. Further research is necessary to identify the long-term effects of this intervention particularly with respect to the prevention of dementia.

scholarly journals Risk factors and mechanisms of stroke in young adults: The FUTURE study

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1631-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayte E van Alebeek ◽  
Renate M Arntz ◽  
Merel S Ekker ◽  
Nathalie E Synhaeve ◽  
Noortje AMM Maaijwee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Future Study ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Young Stroke ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future

Incidence of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack in young adults is rising. However, etiology remains unknown in 30–40% of these patients when current classification systems designed for the elderly are used. Our aim was to identify risk factors according to a pediatric approach, which might lead to both better identification of risk factors and provide a stepping stone for the understanding of disease mechanism, particularly in patients currently classified as “unknown etiology”. Risk factors of 656 young stroke patients (aged 18–50) of the FUTURE study were categorized according to the “International Pediatric Stroke Study” (IPSS), with stratification on gender, age and stroke of “unknown etiology”. Categorization of risk factors into ≥1 IPSS category was possible in 94% of young stroke patients. Chronic systemic conditions were more present in patients aged <35 compared to patients ≥35 (32.6% vs. 15.6%, p < 0.05). Among 226 patients classified as “stroke of unknown etiology” using TOAST, we found risk factors in 199 patients (88%) with the IPSS approach. We identified multiple risk factors linked to other mechanisms of stroke in the young than in the elderly . This can be a valuable starting point to develop an etiologic classification system specifically designed for young stroke patients.

scholarly journals Sex with robots: A not-so-niche market for disabled and older persons

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-232
Author(s):  
Adamantios Koumpis ◽  
Thomas Gees
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Value System ◽  
Sex Robots ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Sex Toys

AbstractIn this article, we present our experiences from research into the healthy ageing and well-being of older people and we report on our personal opinions of robots that may help the elderly to have sex and to cope with isolation and loneliness. However, and while there is a growing industry for sex robots and other sex toys and gadgets, there is also a growing concern about the ethics of such an industry. As is the case with pornography, the concept of sex robots may be criticized, yet it has deep roots in human civilization, with erotic depictions that date back to the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Ages. So the need for an artefact that would offer sexually relevant functionality is not new at all. But what might be new and worrying is the potential for using artificial intelligence in sex robots in ways that might cause a repositioning of our entire value system. Such a threat is not related to the proliferation of sex robots per se but to the use of robots in general and in a variety of other fields of application.

Prevalence and Correlates of Depression in Elderly Persons

1980 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1055-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Raymond ◽  
Timothy J. Michals ◽  
Robert A. Steer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Psychiatric Intervention

A sample of 504 elderly persons living within a metropolitan area were questioned about their socio-medical characteristics and administered the Wakefield Self-assessment Depression Inventory. The distribution of depression scores indicated that 34.5% were depressed. Stepwise regression analysis was next used to examine the relationships between the characteristics and depression scores. Total number of self-reported symptoms and being partially housebound were positively associated with depression. Recommendations were made that health care providers for the elderly be alerted that older persons with physical complaints and those who are partially restricted to their homes may tend to develop levels of depression which might require psychiatric intervention.

Mechanisms of passing through short exits for the elderly and young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 195-213
Author(s):  
Xiangxia Ren ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Weiguo Song ◽  
Shuchao Cao
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
The Elderly

HIV and the Elderly

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 362-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan L. Linsk
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Human Service ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Support Family

A substantial and increasing number of people have developed HIV infections in their later years, most associated with male-to-male sexual contact or blood transfusions, although transmission also occurs through substance users and unsafe heterosexual activity. Human service practitioners need to become sensitive to the needs of elderly people and their families who are affected by HIV/AIDS. Prevention may be incorporated as part of initial engagement and assessment of elderly persons, and service packages may be developed for older persons who are infected or provide care for HIV-infected persons. Issues of confidentiality, social support, family care, and nondiscrimination are critical concerns in serving this population.

Fat and carbohydrate metabolism during exercise in elderly and young subjects

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (6) ◽  
pp. E983-E989 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sial ◽  
A. R. Coggan ◽  
R. Carroll ◽  
J. Goodwin ◽  
S. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Relative Intensity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

We evaluated the effect of aging on fat and carbohydrate metabolism during moderate intensity exercise. Glycerol, free fatty acid (FFA), and glucose rate of appearance (Ra) in plasma and substrate oxidation were determined during 60 min of cycle ergometer exercise in six elderly (73 +/- 2 yr) and six young adults (26 +/- 2 yr) matched by gender and lean body mass. The elderly group was studied during exercise performed at 56 +/- 3% of maximum oxygen uptake, whereas the young adults were studied during exercise performed at the same absolute and at a similar relative intensity as the elderly subjects. Mean fat oxidation during exercise was 25-35% lower in the elderly subjects than in the young adults exercising at either the same absolute or similar relative intensities (P < 0.05). Mean carbohydrate oxidation in the elderly group was 35% higher than the young adults exercising at the same absolute intensity (P < 0.001) but 40% lower than the young adults exercising at the same relative intensity (P < 0.001). Average FFA Ra in the elderly subjects was 85% higher than in the young adults exercising at the same absolute intensity (P < 0.05) but 35% lower than the young adults exercising at a similar relative intensity (P < 0.05). We conclude that fat oxidation is decreased while carbohydrate oxidation is increased during moderate intensity exercise in elderly men and women. The shift in substrate oxidation was caused by age-related changes in skeletal muscle respiratory capacity because lipolytic rates and FFA availability were not rate limiting in the older subjects.

scholarly journals Differential Item Functioning Related to Age in the Reading Subtest of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond L. Ownby ◽  
Drenna Waldrop-Valverde
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Health ◽  
Functional Health Literacy ◽  
Response Format ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Item Functioning

Differential item functioning (DIF) occurs when items in a measure perform in ways that are different for members of a target group when the different performance is not related to the individual’s overall ability to be assessed. DIF may arise for a number of reasons but is often evaluated in order to ensure that tests and measures are fair evaluations of a group’s abilities. Based on observations when administering the test, we developed the hypothesis that some items on the reading comprehension subtest of the Test of Functional Health Literacy (TOFHLA) might be differentially more difficult for older adults and the elderly due to its use of the cloze response format, in which the participant is required to determine what word, when placed in a blank space in a sentence, will ensure that the sentence is intelligible. Others have suggested that the cloze response format may make demands on verbal fluency, an ability that is reduced with the increasing age. Our analyses show that age-related DIF may present in a nearly one-half of reading comprehension items of the TOFHLA. Results of this measure in older persons should be interpreted cautiously.

scholarly journals AGEING IN LUSOPHONE COUNTRIES: THE IMPACT OF AGE-SPECIFIC LEGISLATION ON THE RECOGNITION OF RIGHTS

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Braz ◽  
Maria da Luz Cabral ◽  
Susana Maria Gonçalves Coimbra ◽  
Anne Marie Victorine Germaine Fontaine ◽  
Zilda Aparecida Pereira Del Prette
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ageing Phenomenon

The ageing phenomenon of the 21 St Century has led to an increased need of public policies to protect the rights of the older population. An example is the Law of the Rights of Older Persons, a Brazilian legislation. Some countries still lack this kind of legislation, which may cause more vulnerability among this population. The exercise of interpersonal rights in daily life requires recognition of general and specific duties, beyond the competence to exercise them. Considering that the first step in the exercise of rights is to recognize them, the goals of this descriptive study are: (a) presenting some exploratory and inferential data on the recognition of rights, from the responses of 60 elderly (30 Brazilian and 30 Portuguese) to an eight-item questionnaire regarding to the Law for the Rights of Older Persons, (b) discussing the importance of the elderly rights in the Brazilian and Portuguese contexts. In general, the Brazilian sample presented higher scores than the Portuguese sample for the recognition of three rights (priority assistance, free issuing of documents, reserved parking spaces) which might be related to the existence of a legislation in Brazil but not in Portugal. Both groups reported higher scores only of awareness of rights, medium scores for exercising rights and low scores for discrimination of unrespected rights and for mobilization of feelings of justice, which points to possible difficulties to claim for their rights. These findings may indicate that age-specific legislation is a necessary but not sufficient condition to prevent violence against the older persons. We discuss the importance of research and psychosocial interventions to promote the necessary skills for the older persons claim and defend their rights. Key words: Lusophone countries, older persons, recognition of rights.

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