Performance costs when emotion tunes inappropriate cognitive abilities: Implications for mental resources and behavior.

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Storbeck
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Mental Resources

scholarly journals Methylmercury exposure and cognitive abilities and behavior at 10 years of age

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Gustin ◽  
Fahmida Tofail ◽  
Fardina Mehrin ◽  
Michael Levi ◽  
Marie Vahter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Methylmercury Exposure ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Effects of the physical and social environment on youth cognitive performance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley J Meredith ◽  
Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez ◽  
Marc Berman ◽  
Monica Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
National Database ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Unique Variance ◽  
Children's Home ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Caregiver Report

Individual differences in children’s cognitive abilities impact life and health outcomes. What factors influence these individual differences during development? Here we test whether children’s environments predict cognitive performance, independent of well- characterized socioeconomic effects. We analyzed data from 9002 9–10-year-olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study, an ongoing longitudinal study with community samples across the U.S.A. Using youth- and caregiver-report questionnaires and national database registries (e.g., neighborhood crime, walkability), we defined principal components summarizing children’s home, school, neighborhood, and cultural environments. In two independent samples (ns = 3475, 5527), environmental components explained unique variance in children’s general cognitive ability, executive functioning, and learning/memory abilities. Furthermore, increased neighborhood enrichment was associated with a decreased relationship between sociodemographics and general cognitive abilities. Thus, the environment explains unique variance in cognitive performance in development and should be considered alongside sociodemographic factors to understand brain functioning and behavior.

scholarly journals Brain health consequences of digital technology use

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Social Intelligence ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Mental Health Interventions ◽  
And Behavior

Emerging scientific evidence indicates that frequent digital technology use has a significant impact—both negative and positive—on brain function and behavior. Potential harmful effects of extensive screen time and technology use include heightened attention-deficit symptoms, impaired emotional and social intelligence, technology addiction, social isolation, impaired brain development, and disrupted sleep. However, various apps, videogames, and other online tools may benefit brain health. Functional imaging scans show that internet-naive older adults who learn to search online show significant increases in brain neural activity during simulated internet searches. Certain computer programs and videogames may improve memory, multitasking skills, fluid intelligence, and other cognitive abilities. Some apps and digital tools offer mental health interventions providing self-management, monitoring, skills training, and other interventions that may improve mood and behavior. Additional research on the positive and negative brain health effects of technology is needed to elucidate mechanisms and underlying causal relationships.

scholarly journals Contributions of Neuropsychology: High Skills/Gifted

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-70
Author(s):  
Jéssyca de Alcantara Galvão
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Intellectual Quotient ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bibliographic Study

Neuropsychology is a field of psychology and neurosciences that studies the relationships between the central nervous system, cognitive functioning and behavior. Since the beginning, researchers in the field have sought understanding scans of the anatomy of the brain and its correlation with cognitive abilities. Neuropsychology is constantly advancing and transforming, and thus, the findings of this science offer increasingly theoretical and methodological support for professionals and enable interventions and treatments more appropriate to patients. Despite advances in research on cognitive abilities, there are currently difficulties regarding the recognition of individuals with High Skills/Gifted. In addition, in many times, HS/G is confused with disorders. For this reason, this bibliographic study presents the main contributions of Neuropsychology to the identification and development of people with HS/G, denoting the historical aspects, the main advances and the current scenario. The analysis of the data collected in articles, theses, books, laws and public policies in force showed that there is still no precise classification for the understanding of HS/G. What is currently known is that intelligence is one of the factors for identification, but other skills are also considered as artistic, motivational aspects and leadership skills. There is also the association of the results of psychological tests with neuroimaging tests. In continuity of the investigation, the neuropsychological mechanisms of people identified with HS/G were investigated. The results of the researches examined indicate a relationship between the intellectual quotient and brain activity as well as indicative of differences in the functioning and anatomy of the brain of these people when compared with subjects of average intellectual quotient. The last topic addresses the Brazilian reality of children and adolescents with HS/G from the school perspective, the difficulties regarding the identification process and the adequate care for these individuals.

scholarly journals Neuropsychologist

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen L. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Health Care Team ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Independent Functioning ◽  
And Behavior

It has been estimated that at least half of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience some degree of cognitive dysfunction, which can negatively affect employment status and quality of life. Many MS patients are referred for neuropsychological evaluation to assess their cognitive abilities. This article describes the evaluation process and the role of the neuropsychologist on a multidisciplinary MS health-care team. A neuropsychologist is trained in relationships between brain functioning and behavior and can administer cognitive tests and provide feedback on the individual's cognitive strengths and weaknesses. The findings can be used to recommend specific types of compensation strategies or other interventions that may help the patient maintain employment and independent functioning.

scholarly journals IL-37 expression reduces acute and chronic neuroinflammation and rescues cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer s disease mouse model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Lonnemann ◽  
Shirin Hosseini ◽  
Melanie Ohm ◽  
Karsten Hiller ◽  
Charles A. Dinarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Long Term Potentiation ◽  
Spine Density ◽  
Chronic Neuroinflammation ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Term Potentiation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Behavior

The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a member of the IL-1 family but not expressed in mice. We used a human IL 37 (hIL-37tg) expressing mouse, which has been subjected to various models of local and systemic inflammation as well as immunological challenges. Those studies demonstrate an immune-modulatory role of IL-37 which can be characterized as an important suppressor of innate immunity. We investigated the functions of IL-37 in the CNS and explored the effects of IL-37 on neuronal architecture and function, microglia phenotype, cytokine production and behavior after inflammatory challenge by intraperitoneal LPS-injection. Reduced spine density, activated microglia phenotype and impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) were observed in wild-type mice after LPS injection, whereas hIL-37tg mice showed no impairment. In addition, we crossed the hIL-37tg mouse with an animal model of Alzheimer's disease (APP/PS1) to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of IL-37 under chronic neuroinflammatory conditions. Our results show that IL-37 is able to limit inflammation in the brain after acute inflammatory events and prevent the loss of cognitive abilities in a mouse model of AD.

Reading and cognitive abilities: Longitudinal studies of brain and behavior changes in young children

2002 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Molfese ◽  
Victoria J. Molfese ◽  
Sasha Key ◽  
Arlene Modglin ◽  
Spencer Kelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
And Behavior

Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist in Taiwanese Patients With Alzheimer's Disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Ling Fuh ◽  
Chia-Yin Liu ◽  
Shuu-Jiun Wang ◽  
Hasio-Chien Wang ◽  
Hsiu-Chih Liu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Depression Score ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
And Behavior

The Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) is a 24-item caregiver report that measures observable behavioral and memory problems in dementia patients and their caregivers' reaction to these problems. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of the RMBPC for use in Taiwanese patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The subjects included 76 AD patients (39 men and 37 women, mean age 72.3) and their caregivers (34 men and 42 women, mean age 53.5) who participated in a comprehensive assessment at the Veterans General Hospital-Taipei. The Chinese version of the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument was administered to the patients. Their caregivers rated the RMBPC and the short version of the Geriatric Depression Score (GDS). To assess the test-retest reliability, 30 caregivers rated a second RMBPC 3 days after the first evaluation. The mean score for the frequency rating on the RMBPC was 32.63 (SD = 12.44, range = 5–61) and the mean reaction score was 10.96 (SD = 11.53). The reaction score was significantly correlated with the GDS score (r = .363, p = .001). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for frequency and reaction scores were .816 and .895 respectively. The test-retest reliabilities of total frequency and reaction scores were significantly correlated; overall correlations were .89 for frequency (p < .001) and .74 for reaction (p < .001). These findings suggest that the RMBPC be recommended as a reliable tool to assess behavioral and memory disturbance in Taiwanese AD patients.

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