scholarly journals The role of family experiences and ADHD in the early development of oppositional defiant disorder.

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Harvey ◽  
Lindsay A. Metcalfe ◽  
Sharonne D. Herbert ◽  
John H. Fanton
Keyword(s):  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Family Experiences ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

scholarly journals Interpersonal trauma and its relation to childhood psychopathic traits: what does ADHD and ODD add to the equation?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marshall ◽  
Karolina Sorman ◽  
Natalie Durbeej ◽  
Lucy Thompson ◽  
Sebastian Lundström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Interpersonal Trauma ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Abstract Background Childhood trauma has demonstrated associations with callous-unemotional traits (e.g., reflecting lack of remorse and guilt, unconcern about own performance). Less is known about associations between trauma and multiple domains of child psychopathic traits. There has also been limited focus on the role of co-occurring disorders to psychopathy traits among children, namely, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and how they interact with childhood trauma. Methods We examined to what degree childhood interpersonal trauma can predict parent-rated psychopathic traits in a large population based Swedish twin sample (N = 5057), using a stringent definition of interpersonal trauma occurring before age 10. Two hundred and fifty-one participants met the interpersonal trauma criteria for analysis. The study explored the additional impact of traits of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Results Linear regressions demonstrated statistically significant but clinically negligible effects of interpersonal trauma on total and subscale scores of parent-rated psychopathic traits. When exploring interaction effects of ADHD and ODD into the model, the effect increased. There were interaction effects between ODD and trauma in relation to psychopathic traits, suggesting a mediating role of ODD. Having been exposed to trauma before age 10 was significantly associated with higher parent rated psychopathy traits as measured by The Child Problematic Traits Inventory-Short Version (CPTI-SV), however the explained variance was small (0.3–0.9%). Conclusions The results challenge the notion of association between interpersonal trauma and youth psychopathic traits. They also highlight the need to gain an improved understanding of overlap between psychopathic traits, ADHD and ODD for clinical screening purposes and the underlying developmental mechanisms.

scholarly journals How to Philosophically Tackle Kinds without Talking about “Natural Kinds”

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Brigandt
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Scientific Domain ◽  
Oppositional Defiant ◽  
Human Responsibility

Abstract Recent rival attempts in the philosophy of science to put forward a general theory of the properties that all (and only) natural kinds across the sciences possess may have proven to be futile. Instead, I develop a general methodological framework for how to philosophically study kinds. Any kind has to be investigated and articulated together with the human aims that motivate referring to this kind, where different kinds in the same scientific domain can answer to different concrete aims. My core contention is that nonepistemic aims, including environmental, ethical, and political aims, matter as well. This is defended and illustrated based on several examples of kinds, with particular attention to the role of social-political aims: species, race, gender, as well as personality disorders and oppositional defiant disorder as psychiatric kinds. Such nonepistemic aims and values need not always be those personally favoured by scientists but may have to reflect values that matter to relevant societal stakeholders. Despite the general agenda to study “kinds,” I argue that philosophers should stop using the term “natural kinds,” as this label obscures the relevance of human interests and the way in which many kinds are based on contingent social processes subject to human responsibility.

scholarly journals Variability in emotional/behavioral problems in boys with oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder: the role of arousal

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jantiene Schoorl ◽  
Sophie Van Rijn ◽  
Minet De Wied ◽  
Stephanie H. M. Van Goozen ◽  
Hanna Swaab
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

scholarly journals The role of anxiety in cortisol stress response and cortisol recovery in boys with oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jantiene Schoorl ◽  
Sophie van Rijn ◽  
Minet de Wied ◽  
Stephanie van Goozen ◽  
Hanna Swaab
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant
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