Preschoolers distribute scarce resources according to the moral valence of recipients' previous actions.

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Kenward ◽  
Matilda Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Moral Valence

Small Group Research in Europe

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gil Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos María Alcover de la Hera
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Work Teams ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Spanish History ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Group Research ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Scientific Results

After a long period of scarce resources and a long delay in new scientific results suffered as a consequence of recent Spanish history, research concerning groups has experienced a rapid development over the last 15 years of the 20th century—the result of the late but then clear institutionalization of psychology into university structure. Although most research has been carried out at the very heart of social psychology and along the traditional lines of the field, a significant growth in the study of groups and work teams in organizational contexts can now be highlighted, coinciding with the tendency detected internationally during the last years. Beyond the normalization of group research in Spain, it is necessary to point out its excessive dependency in both theory and methodology on models and tools elaborated throughout North America and Europe. The present review closes with the proposal of creating a European formative curriculum for group psychologists in order to unify and promote research within this active and important field of psychology.

Project Scheduling with Time Windows and Scarce Resources

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Neumann ◽  
Christoph Schwindt ◽  
Jürgen Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Project Scheduling ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Scarce Resources

Entrepreneurship Problems and its remedies for Rural Villages in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Dileep N ◽  
Bhavani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Financial Growth ◽  
Marketing Methods

India’s most of the population lives in rural villages, approximately 73%  (SandeepSaxena) of the population held up with agriculture and associated works as their main stream of income resources. The Countries economic development and financial growth fundamentally depends on the rural area and their living standards of rural population. Entrepreneurship in rural areas is one of the utmost important initiate towards economic development of county and its constituencies. Rural Entrepreneurship facilitates to uses the scarce resources in most effective manner thus increasing profits and rural livelihood. Due to lack of educational knowledge gap most of the rural entrepreneurs are unaware of the innovative development techniques and modern marketing methods etc. The main problem faced by rural entrepreneurs is raw materials and financial investments. Commonly rural entrepreneurs face the strange problems like, lack of training and development programs, fear of risk, and lack of experience in business, illiteracy, limited market scope and competition from the city entrepreneurs.

Sophie Laws, with Caroline Harper and Rachel Marcus. Research for Development: A Practical Guide. New Delhi: Vistaar Publications. 2003. xiii+475 pages. Paperback. Indian Rupees 450.00.

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-172
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Policy Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Development Workers

To implement any successful policy, research about the subject-matter is essential. Lack of knowledge would result in failure and, from an economic point of view, it would lead to a waste of scarce resources. The book under review is essentially a manual which highlights the use of research for development. The book is divided into two parts. Part One informs the reader about concepts and some theory, and Part Two deals with the issue of undertaking research for development. Both parts have 11 chapters each. Chapter 1 asks the basic question: Is research important in development work? The answer is that it is. Research has many dimensions: from the basic asking of questions to the more sophisticated broad-based analysis of policy issues. The chapter, in short, stresses the usefulness of research which development workers ignore at their own peril.

Political Economy of Land Tax in Pakistan

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-853
Author(s):  
Sarfraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Finance Development ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Formed Part

Taxation of the agricultural sector is a major instrument for mobilization of the surplus to finance development projects within the agricultural sector and/or the rest of the economy. For many years, the need for a heavier taxation of agricultural land has formed part of the conventional wisdom regarding the ways of extracting agricultural surplus and increasing the tempo of agricultural development in poor countries. Land taxes have both equity and efficiency properties that gladden the hearts of both economists and vocal politicians belonging to urban areas. Taxes on land promote efficiency in the allocation of scarce resources by creating incentives for farmers to increase their effort and reduce their consumption, thus expanding the amount of agricultural produce available to the non-agricultural sectors of the economy. A tax on land has an important redistributive function because its incidence falls squarely on the landlord and is shifted neither forward to consumers nor backwards to suppliers of agricultural inputs; nor does it introduce distortions in the allocation of productive resources.

“Analytical Techniques for Development Planning” (A Review Of Tims' Multisector Model For Pakistan'S Third Plan (1965-70))

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-263
Author(s):  
Azizur Rahman Khan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Sectoral Output ◽  
Consistency Model ◽  
Present Decade ◽  
Optimizing Model ◽  
Multisector Model

In the present decade there has been a great proliferation of multisectoral models for planning. Part of the incentive has certainly been the potentiality of their application in formulating the actual plans. By now there have been so many different types of multisectoral models that it is useful to attempt some kind of classification according as whether or not they embody certain well-known features. The advantage of such a classification is that one gets a general idea about the structure of the model simply by knowing where it belongs in the list of classification. One broad principle of classification is based on whether the model simply provides a consistent plan or whether it also satisfies some criteria of optimality. A multisectoral consistency model provides an allocation of the scarce resources (e.g., investment and foreign exchange) in such a way that the sectoral output levels are consistent with some given consumption or income target, consistency in this context meaning that the supply of each sector's output is matched by demand generated by intersectoral and final use at base-year relative prices. To the extent that the targets are flexible, there may be many such feasible plans. An optimizing model finds the "best" possible allocation of resources among sectors, the "best" being understood in the sense of maximiz¬ing > a given preference function subject to the constraints that ensure that the plan is also feasible.

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