When Is Research Cross-Cultural?

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Gerstein ◽  
Stefanía Ægisdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Is Research

Toward a Theory-Based Measurement of Culture

2011 ◽  
pp. 61-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detmar Straub ◽  
Karen Loch ◽  
Roberto Evaristo ◽  
Elena Karahanna ◽  
Mark Srite
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Egyptian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Insight Into

In reviewing the history of the conceptualization and measurement of “culture,” one quickly realizes that there is wide-ranging and contradictory scholarly opinion about which values, norms, and beliefs should be measured to represent the concept of “culture.” We explore an alternate theory-based view of culture via social identity theory (SIT), which suggests that each individual is influenced by plethora of cultures and sub-cultures–some ethnic, some national, and some organizational. In IS research, the culture of subjects and respondents is problematic because it is typically an overly simplistic categorization. IS research nearly always assumes that an individual living in a particular place and time belongs to a single “culture,” e.g., someone living in Egypt is automatically classified as being a member of the Egyptian culture, or, more broadly, the Arab culture. This dearth of clear concepts and measures for “culture” may explain why cross-cultural research has been so exceedingly difficult to conduct. It may also explain why it has been hard to develop and refine theories. Moreover, it may give insight into why reasonable explained variance in predictive models has not been higher. Finally, it is very possible that much cross-cultural business research could be rightly accused of advancing an “ecological fallacy” by not recognizing the individual makeup of persons with respect to culture. Using SIT (or other theory bases) as grounding for cultural research programs implies the use of certain methodological approaches. Each study would have to establish the salient “cultures” in each individual’s background and include these different “cultures” as independent variables in positivist research. In qualitative research, there would need to be an equally rigorous assessment of the cultural identifiers of each individual.

Cross-Cultural (mis)Communication in IS Offshoring: Understanding through Conversation Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Avison ◽  
Peter Banks
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cultural Barrier ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Is Offshoring ◽  
Major Pharmaceutical Company

The offshoring of information systems (IS) work has seen phenomenal growth in the past 5 or more years. This has resulted in IS professionals, interacting with workers from vastly different cultural backgrounds, in order to deliver IS project and support services. This cultural ‘barrier’ has been highlighted in the IS literature as a key challenge for offshoring; however, the attention given to research in the field has in the main been restricted to surveys or interviews, often reliant on reductionist national culture models. Within the fields of linguistics and anthropology, the ethnographic research technique of conversation analysis (CA) has been successfully applied to cross-cultural communications. However, there have been no concerted research efforts to apply CA to IS research in general and to IS offshoring in particular. Our research aims to address that gap by analysing naturally occurring recordings of telephone conferences between offshore vendor staff in India and UK/US employees of a major pharmaceutical company. The research has identified and analysed two important phenomena observed within these communications. Firstly, evidence of asymmetries of participation across cultural divides has been documented, and analysed for underlying causes, such as different attitudes to hierarchy and a lack of shared understanding of expected responses. Secondly, differences in the rhetorical organisation of conversation by participants have also been observed and clearly documented within transcribed specimens of these conversations. These phenomena led to seven findings that are aimed to stimulate further research. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, this paper demonstrates how the methodological approach of CA can be applied to IS offshoring research, producing key insights into culturally loaded conversations with clear applications for practice. We hope that this evidence of the potential of CA in IS research will inspire IS researchers to use the approach in other domains as well as in further work in offshoring situations.

scholarly journals ALGORITHMIC PRODUCTION BEYOND SILICON VALLEY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan M Kotliar ◽  
Rivka Ribak ◽  
Shazeda Ahmed ◽  
Jonathan Roberge ◽  
Marius Senneville
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Valley ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Is Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spatial Trajectories ◽  
Geographical Locations

The last years have seen a proliferation of research on the social ramifications of algorithms (Eubanks 2018; Noble 2018) and the power of algorithms was insightfully theorized (Gillespie 2016; Bucher 2018). At the same time, scholars have begun to examine the ties between algorithms and culture (Seaver 2017), describing algorithms as products of complex socio-algorithmic assemblages (Gillespie 2016, 24), with often very local socio-technical histories (Kitchin 2017). However, the spatial trajectories through which algorithms operate, and the specific sociocultural contexts in which they arise have been largely overlooked. Accordingly, research tends to focus on American companies and on the effects their algorithms have on Euro-American users, while, in fact, algorithms are being developed in various geographical locations, and they are being used in diverse socio-cultural contexts. That is, research on algorithms tends to disregard the heterogeneous contexts from which algorithms arise and the effects various cultural settings have on the production of algorithmic systems. This panel aims to fill these gaps by offering four empirical perspectives on algorithmic production in three prominent tech centers: China, Canada, and Israel. We will ask: How do cross-cultural encounters construct notions of privacy? How is algorithmic discrimination understood and acted upon in China? What symbolical and material resources were invested in making Canada’s AI hubs? And how Israeli tech companies use their algorithms to profile their Other? Hence, this panel offers to think beyond the Silicon Valley paradigm, and to aim towards a more diverse, culturally-sensitive approach to the study algorithms.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR BERBASIS LINTAS BUDAYA PADA SUBTEMA GLOBALISASI DAN CINTA TANAH AIR BERBENTUK CERITA BERGAMBAR DI KELAS VI SD

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ori Yunarto ◽  
Nuraini Usman ◽  
Makmun Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Expert Validation

This study aims to develop cross-cultural-based teaching materials on the sub-themes of globalization and love for the country in the form of pictorial stories in grade VI elementary school and provide an understanding of the importance of understanding and appreciating differences and knowing the validity of teaching materials. The type of research is Research and Development (R&D) with a 3D model, namely Define, Design, and Development. This study uses validation in terms of material and appearance. Based on the results of expert validation by 2 lecturers and practitioners by the teacher of this teaching material, it got the valid and feasible category. The acquisition of material validation assessments got a percentage of 94.23% by expert 1, 80.76% by expert 2, and 96.15% by practitioners. Meanwhile, display validation obtained a percentage of 90% from expert 1, 90% from expert 2, and 95% from practitioners. Keywords: Development, Teaching Materials, Cross-Culture, Picture Stories.

Inquiry into Definitions of Culture in IT Studies

2011 ◽  
pp. 30-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Srite ◽  
Detmar Straub ◽  
Karen Loch ◽  
Roberto Evaristo ◽  
Elena Karahanna
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Egyptian Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Insight Into

In reviewing the history of the conceptualization and measurement of “culture,” one quickly realizes that there is wide-ranging and contradictory scholarly opinion about which values, norms, and beliefs should be measured to represent the concept of “culture.” We explore an alternate theory-based view of culture via social identity theory (SIT), which suggests that each individual is influenced by a plethora of cultures and sub-cultures – some ethnic, some national, and some organizational. In information system (IS) research, the culture of subjects and respondents is problematic because it is typically an overly simplistic categorization. IS research nearly always assumes that an individual living in a particular place and time belongs to a single “culture,” e.g., someone living in Egypt is automatically classified as being a member of the Egyptian culture, or, more broadly, the Arab culture. This dearth of clear concepts and measures for “culture” may explain why cross-cultural research has been so exceedingly difficult to conduct. It may also explain why it has been hard to develop and refine theories. Moreover, it may give insight into why reasonable, explained variance in predictive models has not been higher. Finally, it is very possible that much cross-cultural business research could be rightly accused of advancing an “ecological fallacy” by not recognizing the individual makeup of persons with respect to culture.Using SIT (or other theory bases) as grounding for cultural research programs implies the use of certain methodological approaches. Each study would have to establish the salient “cultures” in each individual’s background and include these different “cultures” as independent variables in positivist research. In qualitative research, there would need to be an equally rigorous assessment of the cultural identifiers of each individual.

scholarly journals Cross-cultural IS research: perspectives from Eastern and Western traditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrill Warkentin ◽  
Brigitte Charles-Pauvers ◽  
Patrick Y K Chau
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Research Perspectives

Interpreters in Cross-Cultural Interviews

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Björk Brämberg ◽  
Karin Dahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Research Process ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Qualitative Interviewing ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Research Interview ◽  
Research Interviews

Our focus in this article is research interviews that involve two languages. We present an epistemological and methodological analysis of the meaning of qualitative interviewing with an interpreter. The results of the analysis show that such interviewing is not simply exchanging words between two languages, but means understanding, grasping the essential meanings of the spoken words, which requires an interpreter to bridge the different horizons of understanding. Consequently, a research interview including an interpreter means a three-way coconstruction of data. We suggest that interpreters be thoroughly introduced into the research process and research interview technique, that they take part in the preparations for the interview event, and evaluate the translation process with the researcher and informant after the interview.

The sense of obligation is culturally modulated

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bender
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Sense Of Obligation ◽  
Cross Cultural Studies

Abstract Tomasello argues in the target article that, in generalizing the concrete obligations originating from interdependent collaboration to one's entire cultural group, humans become “ultra-cooperators.” But are all human populations cooperative in similar ways? Based on cross-cultural studies and my own fieldwork in Polynesia, I argue that cooperation varies along several dimensions, and that the underlying sense of obligation is culturally modulated.

Cognitive gadgets: A provocative but flawed manifesto

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Genetic Inheritance ◽  
Double Standards ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Cherry Picking ◽  
Dichotomous Thinking

Abstract The argument against innatism at the heart of Cognitive Gadgets is provocative but premature, and is vitiated by dichotomous thinking, interpretive double standards, and evidence cherry-picking. I illustrate my criticism by addressing the heritability of imitation and mindreading, the relevance of twin studies, and the meaning of cross-cultural differences in theory of mind development. Reaching an integrative understanding of genetic inheritance, plasticity, and learning is a formidable task that demands a more nuanced evolutionary approach.

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