scholarly journals Cognitive bias modification: Induced interpretive biases affect memory.

Emotion ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya B. Tran ◽  
Paula T. Hertel ◽  
Jutta Joormann
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Bias Modification

scholarly journals Inferences Training Affects Memory, Rumination, and Mood

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262110098
Author(s):  
Baruch Perlman ◽  
Nilly Mor ◽  
Yael Wisney Jacobinski ◽  
Adi Doron Zakon ◽  
Noa Avirbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Training Effects ◽  
Causal Inferences ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
Shed Light

Making negative inferences for negative events, ruminating about them, and retrieving negative aspects of memories have all been associated with depression. However, the causal mechanisms that link negative inferences to negative mood and the interplay between inferences, rumination, and memory have not been explored. In the current study, we used a cognitive-bias modification (CBM) procedure to train causal inferences and assessed training effects on ruminative thinking, memory, and negative mood among people with varying levels of depression. Training had immediate effects on negative mood and rumination but not after recall of a negative autobiographical memory. Note that training affected memory: Participants falsely recalled inferences presented during the training in a training-congruent manner. Moreover, among participants with high levels of depression, training also affected causal inferences they made for an autobiographical memory retrieved after training. Our findings shed light on negative cognitive cycles that may contribute to depression.

scholarly journals When We Should Worry More: Using Cognitive Bias Modification to Drive Adaptive Health Behaviour

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e85092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lies Notebaert ◽  
Jessica Chrystal ◽  
Patrick J. F. Clarke ◽  
Emily A. Holmes ◽  
Colin MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Bias Modification

Can Cognitive Bias Modification of Interpretations Training Alter Mood States in Children and Adolescents? A Reanalysis of Data From Six Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Y. F. Lau ◽  
Victoria Pile
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
Bias Modification ◽  
And Training

Anxiety disorders are common and impairing in childhood and adolescence. Cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) training aims to alter information biases associated with anxiety disorders by training the person to endorse benign, rather than negative, interpretations of ambiguous situations. With an expanding evidence base, CBM-I training in childhood and adolescence may provide a key opportunity to prevent the development of anxiety disorders, particularly by capitalizing on the inherent flexibility of the adolescent brain to make durable changes. This article augments existing data with a reanalysis of a large sample of data ( N = 387). The reanalysis highlights that CBM-I is (a) effective in altering interpretation styles; (b) that changes in mood state, although weak, are evident; and (c) tentatively, that effectiveness may vary across age in males and females. We conclude by offering further suggestions on which factors associated with protocol (e.g., multiple sessions) and training package (e.g., use of imagery) may maximize training effectiveness.

scholarly journals A dismantling study on imaginal retraining in smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Josefine Gehlenborg ◽  
Janina Wirtz ◽  
Leonie Ascone ◽  
Simone Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Mood Induction ◽  
Cognitive Bias Modification ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Behavioral Addictions ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bias Modification

AbstractImaginal retraining is a noncomputerized variant of cognitive bias modification, an intervention aimed at reducing craving in substance use disorders and behavioral addictions. We conducted a dismantling study to elucidate which of its multiple components are effective and hence essential ingredients of the training and which are ineffective (and hence perhaps dispensable) in reducing craving. We randomized 187 smokers to one out of six conditions that instructed participants to perform a brief intervention. In four of these, participants were instructed to perform isolated components of the imaginal retraining protocol, and in the two other conditions participants either suppressed or simply observed (control condition) the image of a cigarette. Before and after the intervention, participants were asked to rate their level of craving and how pleasant they found three smoking-related images. We examined within-group changes by means of paired t-tests separately across conditions (trial registration: DRKS00021044). Mental distancing from cigarettes (without a corresponding actual physical movement; non-motor retraining) led to a significant decline in craving (paired t-test), which remained significant when compared to the control condition. The effects of other components of the retraining were less consistent. The present study shows that a single therapeutic “dose” of distinct components involved in imaginal retraining can reduce craving for cigarettes. Future trials should investigate the effectiveness of components of imaginal retraining not yet tested (e.g., mood induction) and whether combinations and repetition of single components strengthen or dilute efficacy.

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