scholarly journals Development's tortoise and hare: Pubertal timing, pubertal tempo, and depressive symptoms in boys and girls.

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 1341-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Mendle ◽  
K. Paige Harden ◽  
Jeanne Brooks-Gunn ◽  
Julia A. Graber
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Pubertal Tempo

scholarly journals 3520 Neural connectivity mechanisms linking off-time pubertal development and depression risk in adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Rajpreet Chahal ◽  
Scott Marek ◽  
Veronika Vilgis ◽  
David Weissman ◽  
Paul Hastings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Referential Processing ◽  
Pubertal Tempo ◽  
Off Time

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Earlier pubertal timing has been associated with risk for depression, particularly in girls (e.g., Keenan etal., 2014). Evidence suggests pubertal timing in girls also relates to alterations in the microstructural properties of brain white matter tracts in late adolescence (Chahal etal., 2018), and structural connectivity of cingulate and frontal regions (Chahal etal., in prep), though differences in pubertal development in both boys and girls have not been examined in the context of brain functional connectivity (FC). Individual differences in the course of puberty may have enduring effects on functional coupling among brain regions that may contribute to the risk for psychopathology. To address this question, we explored the relation between pubertal timing and tempo with depression symptoms (age 16). Then, we examined whether brain network FC (age 16) associates with pubertal indices and predicts concurrent and later depressive symptoms (age 18). METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Sixty-eight adolescents (37 females) completed the Mini-Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire (MASQ; Clark & Watson, 1995) at ages 14-18. Gompertz growth curve modelling of pubertal development (age 10-15; Waves 1-6) was used to estimate pubertal timing and tempo per individual, separately for males and females (e.g., Chahal etal., 2018). Resting-state MRI data (age 16) were parcellated into 264 cortical and subcortical regions to create region-to-region FC matrices based on correlations of time-series. Individual matrices were fed to the GraphVar program (Kruschwitz etal., 2015) to assess the interaction of pubertal timing and pubertal tempo with functional network connectivity using Network-based statistic (NBS; Zalesky etal., 2010). Subnetworks showing alterations in relation to pubertal timing and tempo were then examined in association with concurrent (age 16) symptoms and used to predict future depressive symptoms (age 18). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In all youth, earlier pubertal timing was associated with higher depressive symptoms at age 16 (p<.018). This association was stronger in girls with slower pubertal tempo (p<.039). Interregional connectivity analyses revealed that the interaction of earlier pubertal timing and slower tempo was associated with lower FC between the left cingulate gyrus and right precuneus (p<.0001), regions implicated in emotion processing (i.e., Affective Processing Network) and self-referential thinking (i.e., Default Mode Network). FC of the three other emotion- and self-referential processing network regions (i.g., left insula, superior parietal lobule, and precuneus) was lower in youth with greater age 16 depressive symptoms (p<.0001). Finally, lower FC of of the left and right inferior parietal lobule predicted greater depressive symptoms at age 18 (p<.0001). In summary, FC of overlapping affective and default mode network areas was related to earlier pubertal timing and higher concurrent and future depressive symptoms. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These findings demonstrate individual differences in pubertal maturation are associated with depressive symptoms and differences in brain connectivity in mid-adolescence. Early pubertal development was associated with greater depression symptoms and lower FC of brain regions involved in emotion regulation and self-referential processing. Further, FC between these regions predicted higher depression symptoms two years later. These neurobiological mechanisms may, in part, underlie the link between off-time pubertal development and the risk for depression. These findings also have important implications for precision psychiatry, as we show that a risk-factor of depression (early pubertal timing) may manifest in developing neurobiology in region-specific ways. Previous network models of depression (e.g., Li etal., 2018) implicated affective network connectivity in sustained negative mood and the default mode/ self-referential network in rumination. Other networks implicated in these past models include the reward network, which may be involved in anhedonia and loss of pleasure. Our study only found associations between affective and self-referential regional connectivity, pubertal maturation, and depression, suggesting that pubertal risk factors may relate more closely with emotion-regulation and self-referential processing deficits.

scholarly journals Pubertal timing and breast cancer risk in the Sister Study cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy Goldberg ◽  
Aimee A. D’Aloisio ◽  
Katie M. O’Brien ◽  
Shanshan Zhao ◽  
Dale P. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Family History ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Pubertal Tempo

Abstract Background Earlier age at menarche is an established risk factor for breast cancer. While age at menarche has been fairly stable over the past half-century, age at breast development (thelarche) has continued to decrease. Recently, earlier age at thelarche and a longer time between thelarche and menarche (pubertal tempo) were shown to be associated with increased breast cancer risk. Our objective was to examine how breast cancer risk was associated with pubertal timing and tempo in a prospective US cohort. Methods Women ages 35–74 years without a history of breast cancer, but who had a sister previously diagnosed with breast cancer, were enrolled in the Sister Study from 2003 to 2009 (N = 50,884). At enrollment, participants reported their ages at thelarche and menarche. Pubertal tempo was age at menarche minus age at thelarche. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each pubertal milestone and risk of breast cancer (invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ) using Cox proportional hazards regression. We examined whether associations between age at thelarche and breast cancer risk were modified by birth cohort, race/ethnicity, weight at age 10, and extent of breast cancer family history, as characterized by a Bayesian score based on first-degree family structure. Results During follow-up (mean = 9.3 years), 3295 eligible women were diagnosed with breast cancer. Early ages at thelarche (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.03–1.46 for < 10 vs. 12–13 years) and menarche (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.20 for < 12 vs. 12–13 years) were positively associated with breast cancer risk. Pubertal tempo was not associated with breast cancer risk (HR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.97–1.02 per 1-year longer tempo). When considering early thelarche (< 10 years) and early menarche (< 12 years) jointly, women with both had a 30% greater risk of breast cancer compared with women with neither risk factor (95% CI 1.07–1.57). The association between age at thelarche and breast cancer risk did not significantly vary by birth cohort, race/ethnicity, childhood weight, or Bayesian family history score. Conclusions Earlier ages at thelarche and menarche may enhance susceptibility to breast carcinogenesis. Age at thelarche is an important risk factor to consider given secular trends towards earlier development.

Ethnicity, Perceived Pubertal Timing, Externalizing Behaviors, and Depressive Symptoms Among Black Adolescent Girls

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1394-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rona Carter ◽  
Cleopatra Howard Caldwell ◽  
Niki Matusko ◽  
Toni Antonucci ◽  
James S. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Externalizing Behaviors ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Black Adolescent

scholarly journals Quality of early family relationships and the timing and tempo of puberty: Effects depend on biological sensitivity to context

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Ellis ◽  
Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff ◽  
W. Thomas Boyce ◽  
Julianna Deardorff ◽  
Marilyn J. Essex
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Pubic Hair ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Hair Development ◽  
Pubertal Tempo ◽  
Biological Sensitivity To Context ◽  
Parent Child Relationships ◽  
Early Family ◽  
Parent Child

AbstractGuided by evolutionary–developmental theories of biological sensitivity to context and reproductive development, the current research examined the interactive effects of early family environments and psychobiologic reactivity to stress on the subsequent timing and tempo of puberty. As predicted by the theory, among children displaying heightened biological sensitivity to context (i.e., higher stress reactivity), higher quality parent–child relationships forecast slower initial pubertal tempo and later pubertal timing, whereas lower quality parent–child relationships forecast the opposite pattern. No such effects emerged among less context-sensitive children. Whereas sympathetic nervous system reactivity moderated the effects of parent–child relationships on both breast/genital and pubic hair development, adrenocortical activation only moderated the effect on pubic hair development. The current results build on previous research documenting what family contexts predict variation in pubertal timing by demonstrating for whom those contexts matter. In addition, the authors advance a new methodological approach for assessing pubertal tempo using piecewise growth curve analysis.

Pituitary volume mediates the relationship between pubertal timing and depressive symptoms during adolescence

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 881-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Whittle ◽  
Murat Yücel ◽  
Valentina Lorenzetti ◽  
Michelle L. Byrne ◽  
Julian G. Simmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Cortisol Response to Psychosocial Stress in Chinese Early Puberty Girls: Possible Role of Depressive Symptoms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
Fang Deng ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Fang-Biao Tao
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity

Objective. The present study aimed at investigating unique patterns of salivary cortisol reactivity and recovery in response to a social stressor among girls with early puberty and exploring possible role of depressive symptom in this association.Design. Case-control study.Patients. Fifty-six girls with early puberty and age- and body mass index- (BMI-) matched normal puberty controls(n=56)were selected.Measurements. Salivary cortisol was measured in response to the Groningen Social Stress Test for Children.Results. Girls with early puberty had higher cortisol concentration at the end of the GSST (C3), cortisol concentration 20 min after the end of the GSST (C4), and AUC increment (AUCi) compared to non-early puberty girls. Depressive symptoms correlated with blunted HPA reactivity among girls with early puberty.Conclusion. This study demonstrated the disturbance effect of objectively examined early pubertal timing on HPA axis responses. It also suggested that stress reactivity might be blunted for individuals with depressive symptoms.

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