scholarly journals Stimulus compounding in interval timing: The modality–duration relationship of the anchor durations results in qualitatively different response patterns to the compound cue.

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale N. Swanton ◽  
Matthew S. Matell
Keyword(s):  
Interval Timing ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Stimulus Compounding ◽  
Duration Relationship ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Compound Cue

Some clues to the nature of semantic development

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Donaldson ◽  
James McGarrigle
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Semantic Development ◽  
Different Response

ABSTRACTStudies of comprehension of the quantifiers all and more are reported. The subjects were children between the ages of three and five. There were two main conditions. In one of these the objects to which the quantifiers related were enclosed in containers which either were or were not filled by the objects. In the other no containers were present. These conditions yielded substantially different response patterns. The relation of the findings to those typically obtained from Piagetian conservation tasks is discussed; and the implications for theories of semantic development are considered.

Two novel tetraphenylethylene-skeleton salamo-type fluorescent probes: Specific recognition of cyanide through different response patterns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-Xia Sun ◽  
Zhuang-Zhuang Chen ◽  
Geng Guo ◽  
Ruo-Yu Li ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Probes ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Specific Recognition ◽  
Different Response

Based on tetraphenylethylene as the skeleton, two novel salamo-type fluorescent probes (TPES1 = 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde O-(3-(((-2-hydroxy-5-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzylidene)amino)oxy)propyl) oxime and TPES2 = bis(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde O-(3-(((2-hydroxy-5-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)benzylidene)amino)oxy)propyl) dioxime) were designed and synthesized. Through the colorimetric and...

Exploring the Role of Complexity, Content and Individual Differences in Aesthetic Reactions to Semi-Abstract Art Photographs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-119
Author(s):  
Nathalie Vissers ◽  
Pieter Moors ◽  
Dominique Genin ◽  
Johan Wagemans
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Online Study ◽  
Exploratory Data ◽  
Science Collaboration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Response

Artistic photography is an interesting, but often overlooked, medium within the field of empirical aesthetics. Grounded in an art–science collaboration with art photographer Dominique Genin, this project focused on the relationship between the complexity of a photograph and its aesthetic appeal (beauty, pleasantness, interest). An artistic series of 24 semi-abstract photographs that play with multiple layers, recognisability vs unrecognizability and complexity was specifically created and selected for the project. A large-scale online study with a broad range of individuals (n = 453, varying in age, gender and art expertise) was set up. Exploratory data-driven analyses revealed two clusters of individuals, who responded differently to the photographs. Despite the semi-abstract nature of the photographs, differences seemed to be driven more consistently by the ‘content’ of the photograph than by its complexity levels. No consistent differences were found between clusters in age, gender or art expertise. Together, these results highlight the importance of exploratory, data-driven work in empirical aesthetics to complement and nuance findings from hypotheses-driven studies, as they allow to go further than a priori assumptions, to explore underlying clusters of participants with different response patterns, and to point towards new venues for future research. Data and code for the analyses reported in this article can be found at https://osf.io/2fws6/.

scholarly journals The Effect of Light Intensity on the Expression of Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase in Grapevine Calluses and Analysis of Its Promoter Activity

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Jing Cheng ◽  
Keji Yu ◽  
Mingyue Zhang ◽  
Ying Shi ◽  
Changqing Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Flavonoid Pathway ◽  
Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Intensity Changes ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Effect Of Light

To investigate the effect of light intensity on flavonoid biosynthesis, grapevine calluses were subjected to high light (HL, 250 μmol m−2 s−1) and dark (0 μmol m−2 s−1) in comparison to 125 μmol m−2 s−1 under controlled conditions (NL). The alteration of flavonoid profiles was determined and was integrated with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)-based transcriptional changes of the flavonoid pathway genes. Results revealed that dark conditions inhibited flavonoid biosynthesis. Increasing light intensity affected flavonoids differently—the concentrations of flavonols and anthocyanins as well as the expressions of corresponding genes were less affected, whereas flavan-3-ol concentrations were predominantly increased, which caused enhanced trans-flavan-3-ol concentrations. Moreover, genes encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) exhibited different response patterns to light intensity changes—VviLAR1 expression increased with an increased light intensity, whereas VviLAR2 expression was insensitive. We further confirmed that the known transcription factors (TFs) involved in regulating flavan-3-ol biosynthesis utilized VviLAR1 as a target gene in grapevine calluses. In addition, VviLAR1 promoter activity was more sensitive to light intensity changes than that of VviLAR2 as determined using a transgenic Arabidopsis leaf system. These results suggested that light intensity had the most prominent effect on trans-flavan-3-ols in grapevine calluses and demonstrated that the two LAR genes had different response patterns to light intensity changes.

scholarly journals THE FUNCTIONAL DISSECTION OF AN ANTIGEN MOLECULE: SPECIFICITY OF HUMORAL AND CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSES TO GLUCAGON

1971 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 1294-1308 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Senyk ◽  
E. Brady Williams ◽  
Danute E. Nitecki ◽  
Joel W. Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Delayed Hypersensitivity ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Transforming Activity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Carboxy Terminal ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Immune Assays

Bovine glucagon, a polypeptide of 29 amino acids, was immunogenic in guinea pigs. The immunologic determinants of glucagon were investigated using isolated tryptic peptides of the hormone. Antibodies from virtually all of more than two dozen animals had specificity primarily for the amino-terminal heptadecapeptide (NM) and showed little or no binding with the carboxy-terminal undeca- and dodecapeptides (C). The smallest synthetic peptide of a series initiated at residue 16 which measurably bound antibody comprised residues 5–16 of glucagon. In cellular immune assays, both NM and C elicited delayed cutaneous reactions and inhibited the migration of peritoneal cells from immune animals. However, only intact glucagon and its C fragment stimulated lymphoid cells to synthesize DNA. While glucagon was somewhat more active than C, the addition of NM to C did not enhance its transforming activity. The smallest synthetic carboxy-terminal peptide with discernible transforming activity comprised residues 19–29 of glucagon. In both native and synthetic C peptide preparations, the undecapeptide was generally more active than the dodecapeptide, although cells from different animals gave different response patterns. The difference between the two is the presence of arginine at the amino-terminus of the peptide chain. Thus, the recognition specificity of populations of antigen-reactive cells from different animals displays a variation which is at least superficially analogous to that of populations of antibody molecules. In limited experiments using NM and C peptides as immunogens, neither gave rise to delayed hypersensitivity or to glucagon-binding circulating antibody, following a regimen which invariably provoked these responses when glucagon itself served as the immunogen. These results indicate that glucagon was cleaved by trypsin along functional lines into two parts, one of which housed the major antigenic determinant and the other of which carried the major immunogenic determinant, and they are highly compatible with a two-cell mechanism of immune induction. An apparent dissociation between the capacity to provoke delayed hypersensitivity reactions and to transform antigen-reactive cells in culture was observed.

DOSE-DURATION RELATIONSHIP OF BU1090U BY BOLUS INJECTIONS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. A353-A353
Author(s):  
C. Lee ◽  
M. Cheng ◽  
E. Yang ◽  
E. Cantley ◽  
W. A. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Duration Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

Different Response Patterns of Soil Respiration to a Nitrogen Addition Gradient in Four Types of Land-Use on an Alluvial Island in China

Ecosystems ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 904-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deping Zhai ◽  
Wanyu Jin ◽  
Junjiong Shao ◽  
Yanghui He ◽  
Guodong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Different Response

Contrasting climate- and land-use-driven tree encroachment patterns of subarctic tundra in northern Norway and the Kola PeninsulaThis article is a contribution to the series Tree recruitment, growth, and distribution at the circumpolar forest–tundra transition.

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun Aune ◽  
Annika Hofgaard ◽  
Lars Söderström
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Birch ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
Forest Tundra ◽  
Tree Encroachment ◽  
Arctic Conditions ◽  
Sapling Survival ◽  
Betula Pubescens Ehrh ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Biotic Control

High-latitude regions are experiencing substantial climate change, and the forest–tundra transition is assumed to sensitively track these changes through advancing treeline and increased tundra encroachment. However, herbivores may influence these responses. The present study addresses, through analyses of age structures, growth characteristics, and climate correspondence, how mountain birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh. ssp. czerepanovii (Orlova) Hämet-Ahti) treelines and sapling cohorts beyond the treeline have responded to the last decade’s warming in six North European subarctic areas with different climate and grazing characters. The results show different response patterns among areas representing advancing, stationary, and possibly retreating treelines. Recruitment was abundant over the last decades in all areas except one, with predominantly arctic conditions, where both tree and sapling cohorts were old. Areas with high annual precipitation show advancing birch populations characterized by young individuals and partly overlapping tree and sapling age distributions. Areas in reindeer herding districts show stationary or retreating birch populations characterized by nonoverlapping age distributions and low sapling survival. Recruitment patterns beyond the treeline generally corresponded with non-growing-season climate variables, mainly precipitation, indicating the importance of a protecting snow cover. The results highlight the important interplay between abiotic and biotic control over tundra encroachment and treeline dynamics and the importance of multisite studies when addressing responses to warming.

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