Reading achievement across three language groups: Growth estimates for overall reading and reading subskills obtained with the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey.

2010 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 668-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Roberts ◽  
Sarojani S. Mohammed ◽  
Sharon Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Reading Achievement ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Reading Subskills

Parenting While Food Insecure: Links Between Adult Food Insecurity, Parenting Aggravation, and Children’s Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1462-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin A. Gee ◽  
Minahil Asim
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Matched Sample ◽  
Children's Behaviors ◽  
Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Adult Food ◽  
Kindergarten Class

Parents who experience food insecurity face not only uncertainty in obtaining food, but an invisible emotional burden, one that can potentially influence both their parenting behaviors and ultimately, their children. In our study, we investigated adult food insecurity’s link to parents’ aggravation and whether that aggravation influenced their children’s behaviors. Results, based on data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey, Kindergarten Class of 2010-2011 using first-difference regression, showed that parents ( N = 7,820) of first graders who became food insecure experienced heightened parenting aggravation (0.525; p < .01). Our mediation analysis on a matched sample of food secure ( n = 1,600) and insecure parents ( n = 470) revealed that adult food insecurity was not directly associated with children’s behaviors; rather, it was indirectly related to lowered attentional focus (−0.062; p < .05) and inhibitory control (−0.093; p < .001) via parenting aggravation. Our findings underscore the importance of parenting aggravation in transmitting the effects of food insecurity on children’s behaviors.

Mediators of the Relationship Between Stable Nonresident Households and Toddler Outcomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1543-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Fagan ◽  
Yookyong Lee ◽  
Rob Palkovitz ◽  
Natasha Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
School Readiness ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Behavior And Cognition

The present study examined the associations between stable nonresidence among never married parents (compared with coresident parents) and outcomes for toddlers using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey–Birth Cohort. The authors found small to medium negative associations between stable nonresidence and toddlers’ positive social behavior and small negative associations between stable nonresidence and toddlers’ cognition. The associations between stable nonresidence and positive social behavior and cognition were explained by mothers’ supportiveness during interactions with the child. The findings suggest that toddlers in stable nonresident families are at greater risk for lowered school readiness because of diminished quality of maternal interactions with the child. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.

scholarly journals Examining the relationships between early childhood experiences and adolescent and young adult health status in a resource-limited population: A cohort study

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. e1003745
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Rasmussen ◽  
Wasiat H. Shah ◽  
Chelsea L. Hansen ◽  
Syed Iqbal Azam ◽  
Ejaz Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Home Setting ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Nonverbal Reasoning

Background Adolescence is a critical point in the realization of human capital, as health and educational decisions with long-term impacts are made. We examined the role of early childhood experiences on health, cognitive abilities, and educational outcomes of adolescents followed up from a longitudinal cohort study in Pakistan, hypothesizing that early childhood experiences reflecting poverty would manifest in reduced health and development in adolescence. Methods and findings Adolescents/young adults previously followed as children aged under 5 years were interviewed. Childhood data were available on diarrhea, pneumonia, and parental/household characteristics. New data were collected on health, anthropometry, education, employment, and languages spoken; nonverbal reasoning was assessed. A multivariable Bayesian network was constructed to explore structural relationships between variables. Of 1,868 children originally enrolled, 1,463 (78.3%) were interviewed as adolescents (range 16.0–29.3 years, mean age 22.6 years); 945 (65%) lived in Oshikhandass. While 1,031 (70.5%) of their mothers and 440 (30.1%) of their fathers had received no formal education, adolescents reported a mean of 11.1 years of education. Childhood diarrhea (calculated as episodes/child-year) had no association with nonverbal reasoning score (an arc was supported in just 4.6% of bootstrap samples), health measures (with BMI, 1% of bootstrap samples; systolic and diastolic blood pressure, 0.1% and 1.6% of bootstrap samples, respectively), education (0.7% of bootstrap samples), or employment (0% of bootstrap samples). Relationships were found between nonverbal reasoning and adolescent height (arc supported in 63% of bootstrap samples), age (84%), educational attainment (100%), and speaking English (100%); speaking English was linked to the childhood home environment, mediated through maternal education and primary language. Speaking English (n = 390, 26.7% of adolescents) was associated with education (100% of bootstrap samples), self-reported child health (82%), current location (85%) and variables describing childhood socioeconomic status. The main limitations of this study were the lack of parental data to characterize the home setting (including parental mental and physical health, and female empowerment) and reliance on self-reporting of health status. Conclusions In this population, investments in education, especially for females, are associated with an increase in human capital. Against the backdrop of substantial societal change, with the exception of a small and indirect association between childhood malnutrition and cognitive scores, educational opportunities and cultural language groups have stronger associations with aspects of human capital than childhood morbidity.

Carrying our Roots/llevar a nuestras raíces

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth P Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Global South ◽  
Early Childhood Teacher ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Early Childhood Teacher Education ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Global North

This qualitative study presents examples of information about and analysis of stories of children and the early childhood teacher education students working with them. The data from the stories problematize the neocolonial roots of our conceptions of children and families, particularly institutional systems, pedagogies, assessments, and daily life realities. This current study considers evolving theoretical stances to early childhood work with children and families based upon a third space that combines aspects of the Global South and the Global North. Participants are student teachers in an early childhood teacher education program and the children they work with in Southern California. Many are bi-national and their histories and current lived experiences are reflective in many ways of communities around the world where intergenerational participants of two or more cultures and language groups with different economic and political histories find themselves learning together. Many participants, both children and adult student teachers, are living and studying in the Global North and yet, they bring with them generations of family history, knowledge, linguistic perspectives, and lived experiences from the Global South. Findings suggest that through stories there is ongoing problematizing of the neocolonial roots of our conceptions of children and families and the resulting learning experiences accessible to them. The work led us to matters of concern, Latour who urges “an understanding of common worlds as worlds in the process of ‘progressive composition’.” In other words, this research illustrates a focus on relations as generative encounters with others and shared events that have mutually transformative effects.

scholarly journals Paternal Childcare In Early Childhood and Problematic Behavior in Children: A Population-Based Prospective Study in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manami Ochi ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: Little is known about the effects of paternal childcare on children’s behavioral development. This study explored the association between paternal childcare during infancy in terms of childcare hours and type of caregiving behavior and subsequent behavioral problems in children aged 5.5 years stratified by sex.Methods: We analyzed data from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century (2001-2006), a population-based cohort survey in Japan (N = 27,870). Paternal childcare was assessed at 18 months in terms of paternal childcare hours on weekdays or weekends and the frequency of each type of childcare (feeding, changing diapers, bathing, putting the child to sleep, playing with the child at home, and taking the child outside). Six categories of child behavioral problems were assessed when the children were 5.5 years old. Logistic regression analysis was applied to account for the known confounding variables.Results: Longer paternal childcare hours, on both weekdays and weekends in infancy, had a protective effect on behavioral problems at 5.5 years of age. The dose-effect relationships were found between the frequency of fathers taking their children outside and behavioral problems in boys, and the frequency of fathers playing with their children at home and behavioral problems in both boys and girls.Conclusions: Paternal childcare during infancy could prevent subsequent behavioral problems in children. Several specific paternal caregiving behaviors, such as taking their children outside and playing with them at home, may play an important role in preventing subsequent behavioral problems.

scholarly journals Association Between Paternal Separation During Early Childhood and Pubertal Timing Among Girls Using Longitudinal Birth Cohort in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aomi Katagiri ◽  
Nobutoshi Nawa ◽  
Takeo Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Paternal Absence

IntroductionPrevious studies have shown that paternal absence leads to earlier pubertal timing among girls in high-income countries. Despite the low divorce rate in Japan, paternal separation is commonly seen due to a unique corporation system, tanshin funin, where employees relocate with their spouses and children. We examined paternal separation, including paternal absence (due to divorce or paternal death) and paternal tanshin funin, during early childhood as a predictor of earlier girl’s pubertal development, assessed as age at peak height velocity (PHV).MethodsThis study examined 15 214 girls from a longitudinal survey conducted in Japan from 2001 to 2016 by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Paternal separation was determined by the occurrence through annual surveys conducted at ages 0.5 to 4.5 years. Outcome was defined as age at PHV between ages 6 to 15 years. We conducted linear regression, adjusted for potential confounders and other covariates.ResultsContinuous father cohabitation was seen in 88.7% of households, while paternal separation was experienced 1-2, 3-4 and 5 times (always) among 7.4%, 2.8% and 1.1% of households, respectively. Girls who confronted continuous paternal separation (5 times) experienced 0.42 years earlier [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.75, -0.10] age at PHV compared to their peers who always lived with their fathers.ConclusionGirls who experienced paternal separation throughout ages 0.5 to 4.5 years experienced PHV earlier.

scholarly journals Early Temperament Prospectively Predicts Anxiety in Later Childhood

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 320-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie V Grant ◽  
Alexa L Bagnell ◽  
Christine T Chambers ◽  
Sherry H Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Child Anxiety ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Negative Emotionality ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Nationally Representative

Objective: To investigate the contribution of early childhood temperamental constructs corresponding to 2 subtypes of general negative emotionality—fearful distress (unadaptable temperament) and irritable distress (fussy–difficult temperament)—to later anxiety in a nationally representative sample. Method: Using multiple linear regression analyses, we tested the hypothesis that caregiver-reported child unadaptable temperament and fussy–difficult temperament scales of children aged 2 to 3 years (in 1995) would prospectively predict caregiver-reported child anxiety symptoms at ages 4 to 5, 6 to 7, 8 to 9, and 10 to 11 years, and child-reported anxiety at 10 to 11 years (controlling for sex, age, and socioeconomic status) in a nationally representative sample from Statistics Canada's National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (initial weighted n = 768 600). Results: Only fussy–difficult temperament predicted anxiety in children aged 6 to 7 years. In separate regressions, unadaptable temperament and fussy–difficult temperament each predicted anxiety at 8 to 9 years, but when both were entered simultaneously, only unadaptable temperament remained a marginal predictor. Temperament did not significantly predict caregiver- or child-reported anxiety at 10 to 11 years, suggesting that as children age, environmental factors may become more important contributors to anxiety than early temperament. Conclusion: Our results provide the first demonstration that early temperament is related to later childhood anxiety in a nationally representative sample.

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