Adult attachment security and young adults’ dating relationships over time: Self-reported, observational, and physiological evidence.

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 552-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley S. Holland ◽  
Glenn I. Roisman
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Physiological Evidence ◽  
Over Time

Domains of Socialization

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-90
Author(s):  
Joan E. Grusec
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Zone Of Proximal Development ◽  
Proximal Development ◽  
Group Participation ◽  
Guided Learning ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
Affect And Cognition ◽  
And Control ◽  
Value Learning ◽  
Over Time

This chapter surveys how behavior, affect, and cognition with respect to parenting and moral development have been conceptualized over time. It moves to a discussion of domains of socialization; that is, different contexts in which socialization occurs and where different mechanisms operate. Domains include protection where the child is experiencing negative affect, reciprocity where there is an exchange of favors, group participation or learning through observing others and engaging with them in positive action, guided learning where values are taught in the child’s zone of proximal development, and control where values are learned through discipline and reward. Research using narratives of young adults about value-learning events suggests that inhibition of antisocial behavior is more likely learned in the control domain, and prosocial behavior more likely in the group participation domain. Internalization of values, measured by narrative meaningfulness, is most likely in the group participation domain.

scholarly journals Longitudinal cohort study of the impact of specialist cancer services for teenagers and young adults on quality of life: outcomes from the BRIGHTLIGHT study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e038471
Author(s):  
Rachel M Taylor ◽  
Lorna A Fern ◽  
Julie Barber ◽  
Javier Alvarez-Galvez ◽  
Richard Feltbower ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort Study ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Over Time

ObjectivesIn England, healthcare policy advocates specialised age-appropriate services for teenagers and young adults (TYA), those aged 13 to 24 years at diagnosis. Specialist Principal Treatment Centres (PTC) provide enhanced TYA age-specific care, although many still receive care in adult or children’s cancer services. We present the first prospective structured analysis of quality of life (QOL) associated with the amount of care received in a TYA-PTCDesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingHospitals delivering inpatient cancer care in England.Participants1114 young people aged 13 to 24 years newly diagnosed with cancer.InterventionExposure to the TYA-PTC defined as patients receiving NO-TYA-PTC care with those receiving ALL-TYA-PTC and SOME-TYA-PTC care.Primary outcomeQuality of life measured at five time points: 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months after diagnosis.ResultsGroup mean total QOL improved over time for all patients, but for those receiving NO-TYA-PTC was an average of 5.63 points higher (95% CI 2.77 to 8.49) than in young people receiving SOME-TYA-PTC care, and 4·17 points higher (95% CI 1.07 to 7.28) compared with ALL-TYA-PTC care. Differences were greatest 6 months after diagnosis, reduced over time and did not meet the 8-point level that is proposed to be clinically significant. Young people receiving NO-TYA-PTC care were more likely to have been offered a choice of place of care, be older, from more deprived areas, in work and have less severe disease. However, analyses adjusting for confounding factors did not explain the differences between TYA groups.ConclusionsReceipt of some or all care in a TYA-PTC was associated with lower QOL shortly after cancer diagnosis. The NO-TYA-PTC group had higher QOL 3 years after diagnosis, however those receiving all or some care in a TYA-PTC experienced more rapid QOL improvements. Receipt of some care in a TYA-PTC requires further study.

scholarly journals The natural course of DSM-IV somatoform disorders and syndromes among adolescents and young adults: a prospective-longitudinal community study

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselind Lieb ◽  
Petra Zimmermann ◽  
Robert H Friis ◽  
Michael Höfler ◽  
Sven Tholen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Somatoform Disorders ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Natural Course ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Over Time

SummaryObjective.Although somatoform disorders are assumed to be chronic clinical conditions, epidemiological knowledge on their natural course based on representative samples is not available.Method.Data come from a prospective epidemiologic study of adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany. Respondents’ diagnoses (N = 2548) at baseline and follow-up on average 42 months later are considered. The follow-up incidence, stability as well as selected baseline risk factors (sociodemographics, psychopathology, trauma exposure) for the incidence and stability of somatoform disorders and syndromes are prospectively examined. Diagnostic information was assessed by using the standardized Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).Results.Over the follow-up period, incidence rate for any of the covered somatoform diagnoses was 25.7%. Stability for the overall group of any somatoform disorder/syndrome was 48%. Female gender, lower social class, the experience of any substance use, anxiety and affective disorder as well as the experience of traumatic sexual and physical threat events predicted new onsets of somatoform conditions, while stability was predicted by being female, prior existing substance use, affective and eating disorders as well as the experience of a serious accident.Conclusions.At least for a substantial proportion of individuals, the overall picture of somatization seems to be relatively stable, but with fluctuation in the symptom picture over time. Being female, the experience of substance use as well as anxiety disorder seem to constitute risk factors for the onset of new somatoform conditions as well as for a stable course over time.

A Revision of the Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships Scale for Young Adults in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan He ◽  
Sandra Tsang ◽  
Caina Li
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Dating Relationships ◽  
Chinese Cities

The Sexual Coercion in Intimate Relationships Scale (SCIRS; 34 items) assesses the severity of sexual coercion (SC) in committed intimate relationships, but it does not validly screen out valid target cases or accurately assess prevalence. This study aims to revise the SCIRS to facilitate research in China. There were 927 college students in active dating relationships, from 5 large Chinese cities, who participated in the study. The results showed that the revised SCIRS (33 items) measured 3 constructs—Emotional Manipulation (17 items), Defection Threat (7 items), and Violence Threat (7 items)—and that the reliability and validity properties were satisfactory. The advantages of the revision and the limitations of this study are discussed.

Bridging the attachment transmission gap: The role of maternal mind-mindedness

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Bernier ◽  
Mary Dozier
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Foster Children ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Attachment Research ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Age Appropriate

The intergenerational transmission of attachment patterns is one of the most reliable yet least understood findings of attachment research. The aim of this report was to examine the capacity of maternal mind-mindedness to account for the relation between adult attachment state of mind and infant attachment security. Sixty-four foster children (aged 6–30 months) participated with their foster mothers. The mother’s tendency to use mental features in describing her child (mindmindedness) was negatively related to the security of both maternal state of mind and infant attachment. Further, mind-mindedness accounted for the totality of the predictive power of state of mind on infant attachment. The results suggest that age-appropriate representations of the child may help explain intergenerational transmission, through their interplay with parental interactive behaviours.

Major depression as a predictor of the intergenerational transmission of attachment security: Findings from a pregnancy cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110607
Author(s):  
Megan Galbally ◽  
Stuart J Watson ◽  
Anne Tharner ◽  
Maartje Luijk ◽  
Gaynor Blankley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Parent Attachment ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Strange Situation Procedure

Objective: Understanding the relationship between attachment and mental health has an important role in informing management of perinatal mental disorders and for infant mental health. It has been suggested that experiences of attachment are transmitted from one generation to the next. Maternal sensitivity has been proposed as a mediator, although findings have not been as strong as hypothesised. A meta-analysis suggested that this intergenerational transmission of attachment may vary across populations with lower concordance between parent and infant attachment classifications in clinical compared to community samples. However, no previous study has examined major depression and adult attachment in pregnancy as predictors of infant–parent attachment classification at 12 months postpartum. Methods: Data were obtained on 52 first-time mothers recruited in early pregnancy, which included 22 women who met diagnostic criteria for current major depression using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The Adult Attachment Interview was also administered before 20 weeks of pregnancy. A history of early trauma was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and maternal sensitivity was measured at 6 months postpartum using the observational measure of the Emotional Availability Scales. Infant–parent attachment was measured using the Strange Situation Procedure at 12 months. Results: Overall, we found no significant association between the Adult Attachment Interview and the Strange Situation Procedure classifications. However, a combination of maternal non-autonomous attachment on the Adult Attachment Interview and major depression was a significant predictor of insecure attachment on the Strange Situation Procedure. We did not find that maternal sensitivity mediated parental and infant attachment security in this sample. Conclusion: While previous meta-analyses identified lower concordance in clinical samples, our findings suggest women with major depression and non-autonomous attachment have a greater concordance with insecure attachment on the Strange Situation Procedure. These findings can guide future research and suggest a focus on depression in pregnancy may be important for subsequent infant attachment.

Abstract 15416: Longitudinal Assessment of Electrical-Mechanical Interactions in Children and Young Adults With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suellen M Yin ◽  
Laura M Mercer-rosa ◽  
Jungwon Min ◽  
Elizabeth Goldmuntz ◽  
Victoria L Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Ventricular Ectopy ◽  
Repaired Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Electrical-mechanical interactions contribute to arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, and right ventricular remodeling in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Hypothesis: There are significant changes in electrocardiographic properties and electrical-mechanical interactions that occur over time after complete TOF repair and with pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). Methods: This retrospective cohort study of 177 patients, initially recruited for a cross-sectional research protocol, underwent complete TOF repair at 0.3±0.9 years with 21.5±4.2 years of clinical follow-up. We assessed ECG, Holter, cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), and MRI data. We used linear mixed effects models to examine QRS duration (QRSd) and its rate of change over time, associations between comparable ECG and MRI, Holter and MRI, ECG and Holter, ECG and CPET, and pre-PVR and post-PVR results. Results: QRSd increased after TOF repair, but the rate of change decreased from 5.2 ms/year 1 year post-operatively to 1.7 ms/year 20 years post-operatively. Twenty years from TOF repair, post-operative arrhythmias included ventricular ectopy: ventricular tachycardia (4 of 20 patients) on Holter and premature ventricular contractions (14 of 19 patients) on CPET. QRSd was positively associated with right ventricular (RV) volumes, RV:left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume ratio, and complex ventricular ectopy on Holter; and negatively associated with RV ejection fraction (EF). The association between QRSd and RV volumes was weaker post-PVR. QRSd and its rate of change were associated with increased LV volume post-PVR. Complex ventricular ectopy was associated with lower LV EF, and significant atrial ectopy was associated with higher LV mass-to-volume ratio. Conclusions: Substantial ventricular ectopy occurs in adolescents and young adults after repair of TOF. Electrophysiologic changes included QRSd prolongation that progressively slowed. QRSd and its rate of change were associated with published risk factors for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death, and with indications for PVR. Our ongoing research aims to identify an optimal threshold of pre-PVR QRSd and its rate of change that preserves bi-ventricular electrical-mechanical coupling post-PVR.

scholarly journals The Effect of Posture and Duration of Smartphone Usage on Neck Flexion Angle

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 962-966
Author(s):  
Sundus Alfaitouri ◽  
Ahamed Altaboli
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Neck Flexion ◽  
Web Browsing ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Photographic Analysis ◽  
Over Time

The main objective of this study was to measure and examine changes in the neck flexion angle while using a Smartphone according to posture and duration of usage. Photographic analysis procedures were carried out to measure the neck flexion angle. The participants in this study were twenty young adults (half males); they stood against a scaled board and used the same Smartphone for web-browsing for twenty minutes. Photos were taken at zero, five, ten, fifteen and twenty minutes. This procedure was repeated for each participant at three postures (standing, sitting without arms rest, sitting with arms rested on a table). The results revealed statistically significant effects of both posture and duration of usage; neck flexion angle increased significantly over time in all postures and was significantly smaller in the standing posture than in the sitting postures. A significant effect of gender was also identified; males displayed larger neck flexion angles than females.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document