Associative and orthographic neighborhood density effects in normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease.

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia ◽  
Alejandro Marín ◽  
Manuel Carreiras
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Orthographic Neighborhood ◽  
Density Effects ◽  
Orthographic Neighborhood Density

scholarly journals Eye Movement Measures of Within-Language and Cross-Language Activation During Reading in Monolingual and Bilingual Children and Adults: A Focus on Neighborhood Density Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Whitford ◽  
Marc F. Joanisse
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Word Recognition ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Orthographic Neighborhood ◽  
Density Effects ◽  
Orthographic Neighborhood Density ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
L1 And L2

We used eye movement measures of first-language (L1) and second-language (L2) paragraph reading to investigate how the activation of multiple lexical candidates, both within and across languages, influences visual word recognition in four different age and language groups: (1) monolingual children; (2) monolingual young adults; (3) bilingual children; and (4) bilingual young adults. More specifically, we focused on within-language and cross-language orthographic neighborhood density effects, while controlling for the potentially confounding effects of orthographic neighborhood frequency. We found facilitatory within-language orthographic neighborhood density effects (i.e., words were easier to process when they had many vs. few orthographic neighbors, evidenced by shorter fixation durations) across the L1 and L2, with larger effects in children vs. adults (especially the bilingual ones) during L1 reading. Similarly, we found facilitatory cross-language neighborhood density effects across the L1 and L2, with no modulatory influence of age or language group. Taken together, our findings suggest that word recognition benefits from the simultaneous activation of visually similar word forms during naturalistic reading, with some evidence of larger effects in children and particularly those whose words may have differentially lower baseline activation levels and/or weaker links between word-related information due to divided language exposure: bilinguals.

Children Like Dense Neighborhoods: Orthographic Neighborhood Density Effects in Novel Readers

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia ◽  
Eduardo Vidal-Abarca
Keyword(s):  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Neighborhood Density ◽  
Beginning Readers ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Orthographic Neighborhood ◽  
Developmental Models ◽  
Lexical Route ◽  
Density Effects ◽  
Orthographic Neighborhood Density ◽  
Orthographic Neighbors

Previous evidence with English beginning readers suggests that some orthographic effects, such as the orthographic neighborhood density effects, could be stronger for children than for adults. Particularly, children respond more accurately to words with many orthographic neighbors than to words with few neighbors. The magnitude of the effects for children is much higher than for adults, and some researchers have proposed that these effects could be progressively modulated according to reading expertise. The present paper explores in depth how children from 1stto 6thgrade perform a lexical decision with words that are from dense or sparse orthographic neighborhoods, attending not only to accuracy measures, but also to response latencies, through a computer-controlled task. Our results reveal that children (like adults) show clear neighborhood density effects, and that these effects do not seem to depend on reading expertise. Contrarily to previous claims, the present work shows that orthographic neighborhood effects are not progressively modulated by reading skill. Further, these data strongly support the idea of a general language-independent preference for using the lexical route instead of grapheme-to-phoneme conversions, even in beginning readers. The implications of these results for developmental models in reading and for models in visual word recognition and orthographic encoding are discussed.

Somatostatin-Positive Neurons in the Different Parts of the Brain in Normal Aging and Alzheimer's Disease

Neurosignals ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ping Li ◽  
Helen W.L. Lai ◽  
Suet Ying Cheng ◽  
David T. Yew
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Parts

scholarly journals Worries about memory loss and knowledge on Alzheimer's disease in community-dwelling elderly from Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Niures P.S. Matioli ◽  
Arnaldo Etzel ◽  
João A.G.G. Prats ◽  
Wares F. de O. Medeiros ◽  
Taiguara R. Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Normal Aging ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Memory Screening

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Efforts to determine risk factors for the development of AD are important for risk stratification and early diagnosis. Furthermore, there are no standardized practices for memory screening. Lack of knowledge on AD, perception of memory loss as part of normal aging, and poor socioeconomic conditions may also be implicated in the current situation of dementia. Objective: To evaluate knowledge of AD in a literate population of elders and correlate these findings with sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: A descriptive survey design study enrolled 994 volunteers from September 2007 to May 2008 in the city of Santos, São Paulo, Brazil, to answer a brief questionnaire consisting of 8 simple questions about knowledge of AD and worries about memory loss. Results: Greater knowledge about AD was associated with eight or more years of education, female gender and age between 60 and 70 years. Also, 52.8% of responders (95% CI - 49.5-56.0%) answered that memory loss is part of normal aging and 77.5% (95% CI - 74.7-80.1%) had never sought a doctor to evaluate their memories. Conclusion: Our study results reinforced that the first line of preventing late diagnosis of dementia is to act in health promotion, especially by targeting subjects older than 70 years of male gender and with lower educational level. It also provided evidence that strategies to promote physician initiative in treating memory problems are also paramount.

IC-P-164: OASIS-3: LONGITUDINAL NEUROIMAGING, CLINICAL, AND COGNITIVE DATASET FOR NORMAL AGING AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (7S_Part_2) ◽  
pp. P138-P138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela J. LaMontagne ◽  
Sarah Keefe ◽  
Wallace Lauren ◽  
Chengjie Xiong ◽  
Elizabeth A. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Normal Aging

Claudin expression profile separates Alzheimer's disease cases from normal aging and from vascular dementia cases

2012 ◽  
Vol 322 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Spulber ◽  
Nenad Bogdanovic ◽  
Mihaela Oana Romanitan ◽  
Ovidiu A. Bajenaru ◽  
Bogdan O. Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Normal Aging
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