A comparative analysis of the categorization of multidimensional stimuli: I. Unidimensional classification does not necessarily imply analytic processing; evidence from pigeons (Columba livia), squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), and humans (Homo sapiens).

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Wills ◽  
Stephen E. G. Lea ◽  
Lisa A. Leaver ◽  
Britta Osthaus ◽  
Catriona M. E. Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
Analytic Processing

A comparative analysis of the categorization of multidimensional stimuli: II. Strategic information search in humans (Homo sapiens) but not in pigeons (Columba livia).

2009 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. G. Lea ◽  
Andy J. Wills ◽  
Lisa A. Leaver ◽  
Catriona M. E. Ryan ◽  
Catherine M. L. Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Information Search ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Strategic Information

scholarly journals IMGT® Biocuration and Comparative Analysis of Bos taurus and Ovis aries TRA/TRD Loci

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Perrine Pégorier ◽  
Morgane Bertignac ◽  
Viviane Nguefack Ngoune ◽  
Géraldine Folch ◽  
Joumana Jabado-Michaloud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
T Cell Receptors ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Cell Receptors ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The adaptive immune response provides the vertebrate immune system with the ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens to generate immunity, and mount stronger attacks each time the pathogen is encountered. T cell receptors are the antigen receptors of the adaptive immune response expressed by T cells, which specifically recognize processed antigens, presented as peptides by the highly polymorphic major histocompatibility (MH) proteins. T cell receptors (TR) are divided into two groups, αβ and γδ, which express distinct TR containing either α and β, or γ and δ chains, respectively. The TRα locus (TRA) and TRδ locus (TRD) of bovine (Bos taurus) and the sheep (Ovis aries) have recently been described and annotated by IMGT® biocurators. The aim of the present study is to present the results of the biocuration and to compare the genes of the TRA/TRD loci among these ruminant species based on the Homo sapiens repertoire. The comparative analysis shows similarities but also differences, including the fact that these two species have a TRA/TRD locus about three times larger than that of humans and therefore have many more genes which may demonstrate duplications and/or deletions during evolution.

scholarly journals The Molecular Genetics and Evolution of Red and Green Color Vision in Vertebrates

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 1697-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shozo Yokoyama ◽  
F Bernhard Radlwimmer
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
Cave Fish ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Astyanax Fasciatus

Abstract To better understand the evolution of red-green color vision in vertebrates, we inferred the amino acid sequences of the ancestral pigments of 11 selected visual pigments: the LWS pigments of cave fish (Astyanax fasciatus), frog (Xenopus laevis), chicken (Gallus gallus), chameleon (Anolis carolinensis), goat (Capra hircus), and human (Homo sapiens); and the MWS pigments of cave fish, gecko (Gekko gekko), mouse (Mus musculus), squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), and human. We constructed these ancestral pigments by introducing the necessary mutations into contemporary pigments and evaluated their absorption spectra using an in vitro assay. The results show that the common ancestor of vertebrates and most other ancestors had LWS pigments. Multiple regression analyses of ancestral and contemporary MWS and LWS pigments show that single mutations S180A, H197Y, Y277F, T285A, A308S, and double mutations S180A/H197Y shift the λmax of the pigments by −7, −28, −8, −15, −27, and 11 nm, respectively. It is most likely that this “five-sites” rule is the molecular basis of spectral tuning in the MWS and LWS pigments during vertebrate evolution.

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