The role of psychosocial characteristics in premature discharge from residential services for homeless veterans.

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley D. Sussner ◽  
Anna Kline ◽  
David A. Smelson ◽  
Miklos Losonczy ◽  
Scott J. Salvatore
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Homeless Veterans ◽  
Residential Services ◽  
Premature Discharge

Who Are the Stalking Victims? Exploring the Victimization Experiences and Psychosocial Characteristics of Young Male and Female Adults in Hong Kong

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Choon (Oliver) Chan ◽  
Lorraine Sheridan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence Rate ◽  
Victimization Experience ◽  
Stalking Victims ◽  
Stalking Victimization

Most stalking studies are conducted in the West. Limited information is available on victims of stalking from the Asian continent. This study specifically explored the victimization experiences of young male and female adults in Hong Kong. Using a large sample of university students ( N = 2,496) aged between 18 and 40 years, the gender distribution of stalking incident characteristics was examined, along with prevalence of various stalking behaviors, and victim–offender relationships by types of stalking behaviors. The differential role of demographic and psychosocial characteristics in stalking victimization experience was also explored. The lifetime prevalence rate of stalking victimization was 8.2%, with a higher estimate in females than males (11.6% vs. 3.8%). The sample analyzed in this study was 196 stalking victims. Although surveillance-oriented behaviors were most frequently reported by both males and females, significant gender differences in types of stalking behaviors were noted. Multivariate analyses indicated that increases in age and levels of self-esteem were correlated with an increased probability of experiencing stalking victimization, while being a male and higher levels of life satisfaction were related to a lower likelihood of falling prey to stalking victimization. This study concludes with a call for anti-stalking legislation in Hong Kong given the devastating nature and consequences of stalking victimization.

Determinants of Physiological Responses to Symbolic Stimuli: The Role of the Social Environment

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf H. Moos
Keyword(s):  
Personal Development ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Social Climate ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Person Environment Fit ◽  
System Maintenance ◽  
Social Environmental

Recent studies indicate the importance of settings or environmental variables in accounting for individual behavior. Measurement of the perceived social climate is a particularly promising way of investigating the psychosocial characteristics of diverse environments. Three types of dimensions characterize and discriminate among environmental subunits: relationship dimensions, personal development dimensions, and system maintenance and system change dimensions. There is evidence that dimensions within each of these three categories have important effects on psychological processes. Individual and social environmental variables can interact, leading to differential physiological responses. Measurement of perceived social climate could provide a bridge between “objective” environmental stimuli and individual physiological responses, which are mediated by differences in perception, coping, and defense. Measurement might enable us to make environments healthier in general, or improve person-environment fit for specific groups of individuals.

scholarly journals Terminal Decline in Well-Being: The Role of Multi-Indicator Constellations of Physical Health and Psychosocial Correlates

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Markus Brandmaier
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics

Well-being is often relatively stable across adulthood and old age, but typically exhibits pronounced deteriorations and vast individual differences in the terminal phase of life. However, the factors contributing to these differences are not well understood. Using up to 25-year annual longitudinal data obtained from 4,404 now-deceased participants of the nationwide German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP; age at death: M = 73.2 years; SD = 14.3 years; 52% women), we explored the role of multi-indicator constellations of socio-demographic variables, physical health and burden factors, and psychosocial characteristics. Expanding earlier reports, Structural Equation Model Trees (SEM Trees) allowed us to identify profiles of variables that were associated with differences in the shape of late-life well-being trajectories. Physical health factors were found to play a major role for well-being decline, but in interaction with psychosocial characteristics such as social participation. To illustrate, for people with low social participation, disability emerged as the strongest correlate of differences in late-life well-being trajectories. However, for people with high social participation, whether or not an individual had spent considerable time in the hospital differentiated high vs. low and stable vs. declining latelife well-being. We corroborated these results with Variable Importance measures derived from a set of resampled SEM Trees (so-called SEM forests) that provide robust and comparative indicators of the total interactive effects of variables for differential late-life well-being. We discuss benefits and limitations of our approach and consider our findings in the context of other reports about protective factors against terminal decline in well-being.

Night Waking During Infancy: Role of Parental Presence at Bedtime

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-504
Author(s):  
Robin Adair ◽  
Howard Bauchner ◽  
Barbara Philipp ◽  
Suzette Levenson ◽  
Barry Zuckerman
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Entire Sample ◽  
Parental Presence ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Well Child Visit ◽  
Child Visit ◽  
Infants And Young Children ◽  
Night Waking

Night waking occurs commonly in infants and young children. The goal of this study is to determine whether parents who report being present when their infant falls asleep at bedtime are more likely to report increased frequency of night waking by the infant. Mothers were consecutively recruited when they brought their infants to the clinic for their 9-month well-child visit. A total of 122 mothers agreed to participate and completed a questionnaire consisting of closed-ended, forced choice questions about their infant's feeding and sleeping behavior, and demographic and psychosocial characteristics. For 33% of the mothers, a parent was routinely present when the infant went to sleep. The entire sample of infants averaged 4.1 night wakings during the week prior to questionnaire completion. Infants whose parents were present at bedtime were significantly more likely to wake at night than infants whose parents were not present (6.2 vs 3.1, P = .01). Frequent night waking (seven or more wakings in the prior week) occurred in 28% of the sample. More of the infants whose parents were present experienced frequent night waking compared with infants whose parents were not present (40% vs 22%, P < .04). When potential confounding variables were controlled by multivariate analysis, parents being present when the child went to sleep was independently associated with night waking (P < .03). The association of parental presence at bedtime and night waking has implications for preventing and managing disruptive night waking in infancy.

The Role of Therapeutic Alliance and Fidelity in Predicting Youth Outcomes During Therapeutic Residential Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Duppong Hurley ◽  
Matthew C. Lambert ◽  
Thomas J. Gross ◽  
Ronald W. Thompson ◽  
Elizabeth M. Z. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Behavioral Functioning ◽  
Residential Services ◽  
Common Process ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Functioning ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
Common Process Factors

There is a gap in understanding how the treatment fidelity aspects of adherence and quality, along with common process factors such as therapeutic alliance, impact outcomes for youth. Few studies have examined both constructs of implementation and process factors simultaneously in regard to their relationship to client outcomes. This study examined the role of (a) youth ratings of implementation quality for a provider of therapeutic residential care, (b) the records of staff ratios of positive to negative statements to youth as reported for a token economy system, and (c) youth ratings of therapeutic alliance in relation to youth emotional and behavioral functioning at 6 months into therapeutic residential services. The study included data collection activities with 112 youth and staff at intake into residential group care through 6 months into residential services. Both youth ratings of therapeutic alliance and the ratio of positive to negative staff interactions with youth were related to improved youth emotional and behavioral functioning, as reported by staff using the Child Behavior Checklist. These findings suggest that it is important to consider both implementation and common process factors when looking to improve the quality of care for youth in therapeutic residential care.

Neighbourhood disadvantage and smoking: Examining the role of neighbourhood-level psychosocial characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome N. Rachele ◽  
Lisa Wood ◽  
Andrea Nathan ◽  
Katrina Giskes ◽  
Gavin Turrell
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Neighbourhood Level
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